Browsing by Author "Cabral, Joana Moura"
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- Ancoragem : um programa de psicoeducação para familiares de doentes com esquizofreniaPublication . Cabral, Joana Moura; Bulhões, Marta; Pereira, Vanessa Micaela da Ponte; da Motta, Carolina; Caldeira, Suzana Nunes; Carvalho, CéliaA Psicoeducação é uma abordagem educativa não-formal, que tem vindo a ganhar relevo pelo impacto positivo que exerce no processo de recuperação de determinadas doenças. Esta abordagem tem como principal objetivo fornecer informação sobre uma doença e disponibilizar ferramentas para lidar com as particularidades do problema de saúde. A literatura sobre intervenções psicoeducativas refere-se essencialmente a sessões expositivas de conhecimentos técnicos da doença, parecendo existir poucas referências que especifiquem outros métodos e técnicas pedagógicas utilizadas neste tipo de intervenção. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar um programa de psicoeducação, dando principal enfoque ao papel dos vários métodos e técnicas pedagógicas utilizadas no mesmo.
- Ancoragem: um programa de psicoeducação para familiares de doentes com esquizofreniaPublication . Cabral, Joana Moura; da Motta, Carolina; Carvalho, Célia; Caldeira, Suzana NunesA Psicoeducação é uma abordagem educativa, que tem vindo a ganhar relevo pelo impacto positivo que exerce no processo de recuperação de determinadas doenças. A Psicoeducação visa ajudar os doentes e/ou seus familiares a aprender os principais aspetos sobre uma doença; esclarecer dúvidas e desmistificar crenças sobre a psicopatologia; adquirir ferramentas adequadas para lidar diariamente com as articularidades do problema de saúde; minimizar o stress familiar provocado pela doença; prestar apoio social, bem como, promover o envolvimento ativo do doente e da família nos cuidados de saúde. Esta é uma abordagem baseada em métodos experimentais e científicos, e caracteriza-se por ser estruturada, diretiva, limitada no tempo, focada no presente e no desenvolvimento de capacidades que permitam uma melhor gestão da doença. [...].
- Attitudes towards mental health problems scale : Confirmatory factor analysis and validation in the Portuguese populationPublication . Cabral, Joana Moura; Carvalho, Célia; Motta, Carolina; Sousa, Marina; Gilbert, PaulSeveral studies about stigmatization and shame toward mental health problems have contributed to minimizing the impact of these negative attitudes on people diagnosed with mental illnesses, on their families and on their communities. The Attitudes Towards Mental Health Problems Scale (ATMHP) is a self-report scale aimed at the assessment of attitudes toward mental health that involve several factors relating to attitudes and shame (internal, external, and reflected shame) when facing mental health problems. The goal of the current study was to translate, and to adapt this scale to the Portuguese population, and to study its psychometric properties in a sample of Azorean adults with and without psychiatric problems. The scale was administered to 411 participants with ages between 19 and 81 years. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out on the initial model proposed by the authors of the ATMHP, and results showed a poor adjustment. An alternative model comprising an additional factor was tested and presented good model fit indices. Based on the alternative model, further analysis revealed that the scale has good psychometric properties.
- Biting myself so I don’t bite the dust : prevalence and predictors of deliberate self-harm and suicide ideation in Azorean youthsPublication . Carvalho, Célia; Motta, Carolina; Sousa, Marina; Cabral, Joana MouraTo characterize non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors, methods, and functions as well as suicide ideation in the adolescent population of a Portuguese community in São Miguel Island, Azores. Increasing rates of NSSI behaviors among adolescents have been observed globally, while suicidal behavior has been pointed as a major cause of death during adolescence. A sample of 1,763 adolescents, aged 14 to 22, was randomly drawn from public and private schools and administered a set of self-report questionnaires. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to look for specific relationships and predictors of NSSI and suicide ideation in this isolated community. Approximately 30% of youths reported at least one NSSI behavior, a rate that is twice as high as most studies carried out in mainland Portugal and in other European countries. Biting oneself was the most frequent form of NSSI, and NSSI behaviors served predominantly automatic reinforcement purposes (i.e., regulation of disruptive emotional states). NSSI and suicide ideation encompassed different distal and proximal risk factors. Exploring and characterizing these phenomena is necessary to provide a better understanding, enhance current conceptualizations, and guide the development of more effective prevention and intervention strategies in youths.
- Characterization and Predictors of Community Integration of People with Psychiatric Problems : Comparisons with the General PopulationPublication . Cabral, Joana Moura; Carvalho, Célia; Motta, Carolina; Sousa, MarinaCommunity integration is a construct that an increasing body of research has shown to have a significant impact on the wellbeing and recovery of people with psychiatric problems. However, there are few studies that explore which factors can be associated and predict community integration. Moreover, community integration has been mostly studied in minority groups, and current literature on the definition and manifestation of community integration in the general population is scarcer. Thus, the current study aims to characterize community integration and explore possible predictor variables in a sample of participants with psychiatric problems (PP, N=183) and a sample of participants from the general population (GP, N=211). Results show that people with psychiatric problems present above average values of community integration, but are significantly lower than their healthy counterparts. It was also possible to observe that community integration does not vary in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics of both groups in this study. Correlation and multiple regression showed that, among several variables that literature present as relevant in the community integration process, only three variables emerged as having the most explanatory value in community integration of both groups: sense of community, basic needs satisfaction and submission. These results also shown that those variables have increased explanatory power in the PP sample, which leads us to emphasize the need to address this issue in future studies and increase the understanding of the factors that can be involved in the promotion of community integration, in order to devise more effective interventions in this field.
- Characterization and predictors of paranoid ideation in youthsPublication . Sousa, Marina; Carvalho, Célia; da Motta, Carolina; Cabral, Joana Moura; Pereira, Vera Lúcia do Couto; Caldeira, Suzana Nunes; Peixoto, Ermelindo BernardoParanoid ideation is a common thought process that constitutes a defence against perceived social threats. The current study aimed at the characterization of paranoid ideation in youths and to explore the possible predictors involved in the development of paranoid ideations. Paranoid ideation, shame, submission, early childhood memories and current depressive, anxious and stress symptomatology was assessed in a sample of 1516 Portuguese youths. Higher frequencies of paranoid ideation were observed, particularly in females and youths from lower socio-economic status. The main predictors identified relates to submissive behaviors and adverse childhood experiences, and especially to shame feelings. The current study emphasizes that the predictors are similar to findings in adults and clinical populations, and future implications to research and clinical practice aiming at paranoid ideations are discussed, as well as the pertinence of the study of mediating factors that allow a wider understanding of this thought process in younger populations and the prevention of psychopathology in adulthood.
- Characterization and Predictors of Paranoid Ideation in YouthsPublication . Sousa, Marina; Carvalho, Célia; da Motta, Carolina; Cabral, Joana Moura; Pereira, Vera Lúcia do Couto; Caldeira, Suzana Nunes; Peixoto, Ermelindo BernardoParanoid ideation is a common thought process that constitutes a defense against perceived social threats. The current study aimed at the characterization of paranoid ideation in youths and to explore the possible predictors involved in the development of paranoid ideations. Paranoid ideation, shame, submission, early childhood memories and current depressive, anxious and stress symptomatology were assessed in a sample of 1516 Portuguese youths. Higher frequencies of paranoid ideation were observed, particularly in females and youths from lower socioeconomic status. The main predictors identified relates to submissive behaviors and adverse childhood experiences, and especially to shame feelings. The current study emphasizes that the predictors are similar to findings in adults and clinical populations, and future implications to research and clinical practice aiming at paranoid ideations are discussed, as well as the pertinence of the study of mediating factors that allow a wider understanding of this thought process in younger populations and the prevention of psychopathology in adulthood.
- Development and psychometric properties of the community integration scale of adults with psychiatric disordersPublication . Cabral, Joana Moura; Carvalho, Célia; Motta, Carolina; Silva, OsvaldoThe goal of the current study was to develop and validate the Community Integration Scale for adults with Psychiatric Problems (CISAPP), based on a multidimensional model of community integration. The three-dimensional structure (including physical, psychological, and social dimensions) and validity of CIS-APP was studied in a sample of 183 psychiatric patients from the Azores Islands-Portugal. Confirmatory Factor Analysis has led to the choice of a two-factor with a second order factor solution. Results showed that the CIS-APP is a measure with good psychometric properties, with very good internal consistency and alidity, and with relevant applicability in both clinical and research settings. Furthermore, the current outcomes have brought relevant information concerning the refinement of the theoretical community integration model that underlies the scale’s development.
- Estudo da integração comunitária de pessoas com problemas psiquiátricos : construção e validação da escala de integração comunitária de adultos com problemas psiquiátricosPublication . Cabral, Joana Moura; Carvalho, Célia Maria de Oliveira Barreto CoimbraA integração comunitária de indivíduos com problemas psiquiátricos é uma área relativamente recente e pouco explorado na literatura, que tem vindo a revelar ter repercussões positivas na recuperação e qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com problemas desta natureza. Deste modo, a avaliação da integração comunitária de pessoas com problemas psiquiátricos, releva-se pertinente. O principal objetivo deste estudo é identificar os níveis de integração comunitária de adultos com problemas psiquiátricos que vivem no Grupo Oriental da região Autónoma dos Açores (ilhas de Santa Maria e São Miguel), comparar os níveis de integração comunitária de adultos com problemas psiquiátricos com os níveis de integração comunitária de uma amostra da população geral, bem como identificar quais as variáveis que influenciam a integração comunitária de adultos com problemas psiquiátricos. Dada a inexistência de um instrumento de medida que avaliasse a integração comunitária em termos das suas três dimensões (física, social e psicológica), revelou-se necessária a construção e validação da Escala de Integração Comunitária de Adultos com Problemas Psiquiátricos (EIC-APP). Nesta dissertação são levados a cabo dois estudos, o primeiro dedicado à validação da EIC-APP e o segundo à caracterização dos níveis de integração comunitária dos indivíduos com problemas psiquiátricos. O primeiro estudo inclui uma amostra de 183 indivíduos com problemas psiquiátricos e os resultados obtidos demonstram que a escala tem bons indicadores psicométricos, do ponto de vista da validade, sendo que quer o seu total (α=0,9), quer as suas dimensões (Integração Comunitária Física (α=0,83), Integração Comunitária Social (α=0,84) e Integração Comunitária Psicológica (α=0,77)), apresentam bons indicadores de consistência interna. De uma forma geral, este instrumento revela-se adequado, do ponto de vista psicométrico, para avaliar a integração comunitária de indivíduos com problemas psiquiátricos. O segundo estudo inclui uma amostra de 183 indivíduos com problemas psiquiátricos e uma amostra de 228 indivíduos da população geral. Neste estudo são caracterizados os níveis de integração comunitária da amostra de pessoas com problemas psiquiátricos em função de variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, os quais são comparados com a amostra da população geral. Os resultados indicam que os indivíduos com problemas psiquiátricos possuem níveis elevados de integração comunitária, contudo estes níveis são inferiores aos observados na população geral.
- O Grilo Interior no Ensino Superior : auto-criticismo e auto-compaixão em alunos universitáriosPublication . Cabral, Joana Moura; Róias, Carla Patrícia Costa; Pereira, Carolina; Benevides, Joana; Teixeira, Marco; Carvalho, CéliaO autocriticismo e a autocompaixão têm suscitado interesse por serem fatores de vulnerabilidade e proteção, respetivamente, para diversas dificuldades psicossociais. Porém, pouco sabemos sobre a sua influência nos alunos do Ensino Superior. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre o autocriticismo e autocompaixão e variáveis académicas. Metodologia: Participaram neste trabalho 662 estudantes da Universidade dos Açores, preenchendo um questionário sociodemográfico e académico; a Escala das Formas do Autocriticismo e Auto tranquilização (FSCRS); e o Questionário de Vivências Académicas (QVA-r). Resultados e conclusões: Os dados revelaram uma relação fraca, significativa, entre o autocriticismo e as reprovações, levando-nos a refletir sobre o papel que o autocriticismo e a auto-tranquilização poderão ter no percurso académico do indivíduo.