Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2017"
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- La traduction comme déracinement et exilPublication . Faria, DominiqueL’exil fonctionne comme une métaphore qui permet de mieux saisir les enjeux majeurs qui soutiennent et la traduction et la réflexion théorique et critique qui la prend pour objet. Une approche de la traduction portugaise du roman de Romain Gary, entendue comme texte en exil sert dans cet article à illustrer nos propos.
- First record of an adult Taningia danae (Cephalopoda: Octopoteuthidae) in the Canary Islands (central-east Atlantic)Publication . Escánez, Alejandro; Perales-Raya, CatalinaRemains of an adult specimen of the poorly known oceanic cephalopod, Taningia danae Joubin, 1931 were found floating in the south-western waters of Tenerife. Here we report for the first time an adult stage of the species in the Canary Islands. The remains, with a total weight of 21.169 kg, presumably belonged to a large adult female given the presence of spermatangia implanted intramuscularly in the ventral side of the mantle. This study confirms the presence of all life stages of the species in the Canary Islands.
- Experiences of the university students about hazing rituals in two countriesPublication . Silva, Osvaldo; Caldeira, Suzana Nunes; Sousa, Áurea; Mendes, Maria; Martins, Maria J.; Miranda, RaquelHazing is a social controversial phenomenon, whether in the academic world, by the students and the institutions to which they belong, or by the citizens in general. This subject has been studied in Portugal in recent years (e.g., [1], [2], [3], [4]) in order to assess the perceptions and experiences of the students about the hazing rituals. The aim was to understand the way in which students live and perceive these events, and to ascertain the legitimacy that they attribute of many of the practices adopted in Portuguese higher education. In this work, we intend to compare opinions from higher education students from two countries, Portugal and Brazil, about hazing practices. The aim is to analyse possible similarities or discrepancies between the students of these two countries, regarding their type and level of participation in academic life plus their answers to the Scale for Assessment of Situations of Bullying in Hazing Practices of Higher Education, (SASBHP) from [5]. The survey included, in addition to the SASBHP, some sociodemographic variables and other ones related to the academic environment. Data were analysed using some visualization methods, some non-parametric hypothesis tests and the k-means method (non-hierarchical cluster analysis). Our findings show the existence of significant differences in the SASBHP scores between the two groups of students (Portugal and Brazil). The opinions regarding the hazing practices are not consensual among these groups of students. We also concluded that the students presented some assigned differences in the frequency of participation in the academic activities. Moreover, the Brazilian students, although they participate more actively in hazing practices, revealed more heterogeneous opinions in relation to these activities comparatively with the Portuguese students.
- Transição, praxe e variáveis académicas e familiares. Estudos na Universidade dos Açores.Publication . Silva, Osvaldo; Caldeira, Suzana Nunes; Sousa, Áurea; Mendes, Maria; Martins, Maria J.Investigaram-se variáveis académicas e familiares, procurando-se descortinar a sua relação com o posicionamento dos estudantes face às vivências da praxe, a nível da sua integração académica. 163 estudantes do 1.º ano do Ensino Superior responderam a um questionário e à subescala “Integração” do Questionário de Vivências da Praxe (QVP). O “Tempo de estudo” foi a única variável, entre as estudadas, que apresentou uma associação estatisticamente significativa com o “Posicionamento face às vivências da praxe”. O rendimento académico é influenciado por diversas variáveis, entre as quais o “Sexo”, a “Posição da opção de escolha do curso” e o “Tempo de estudo”.
- Ensino Superior: transições e desafios de entrada e saída. Estudos na Universidade dos AçoresPublication . Sousa, Áurea; Caldeira, Suzana Nunes; Silva, Osvaldo; Mendes, Maria; Martins, Maria J.A entrada para o Ensino Superior, a sua saída e as perspetivas de entrada no mercado de trabalho comportam desafios. Os jovens veem-se confrontados com a necessidade de ingressarem num mundo mais competitivo, onde as competências pessoais e interpessoais se afiguram tão importantes quanto as técnico-científicas. Pretende-se aferir se a frequência do Ensino Superior, por parte dos estudantes de uma universidade Portuguesa, contribuiu para que estes se ajustem a fatores de stress e a desafios do quotidiano. Procura-se, ainda, aferir se o grupo etário, a geração de universitários e a situação face ao emprego são fatores diferenciais para a resiliência.
- Species conservation profiles of endemic spiders (Araneae) from Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos, PortugalPublication . Cardoso, Pedro; Crespo, Luís C.; Silva, Isamberto; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Boieiro, MárioBACKGROUND: The North Atlantic archipelagos of Madeira and Selvagens present a unique biological diversity including, presently, 56 endemic spider species. Several recent projects provide valuable information on their distribution across most islands and habitats. To date, the only endemic spider assessed according to the IUCN Red List criteria is Hogna ingens. The objective of this paper is to assess all remaining endemic species and advise on possible future conservation actions critical for the survival of endangered species. NEW INFORMATION: Seven species were found to have a continuing decline in either range or population size. Their decline can be mostly attributed to habitat destruction or degradation, invasive plant species that reduce quality of habitat, forest fires at high mountain regions and possible competition for resources from invasive congeners. The tetragnathid M. barreti is considered as possibly extinct due to the suspected impact of a competing species. Although most endemic spiders from the Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos have relatively low extinction risk due to the good condition and protection of the laurisilva forests where many live, there are a number of species requiring urgent attention and protection measures. These include all cave and mountain-restricted species as well as those threatened by competing congeners or invasive plants. Extending current protected areas, restoring original habitats of threatened species and the control of invasive taxa should remain a priority for species survival.
- Area prioritization for insect pollinator communities on an oceanic islandPublication . Picanço, Ana; Rigal, François; Borges, Paulo A. V.Conservation studies usually assess the effectiveness of protected areas and draft proposals on the inclusion of new areas to gain legal protection status, paying little attention to the unprotected surrounding matrix of the respective protected areas network. By combining species distribution modeling and a site selection method, we aim to quantify the contribution of different land uses to insect pollinator conservation on a small oceanic island i.e. Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal). Our results showed that, in addition to well preserved and protected native forest in Terceira, other land uses, such as naturalized vegetation areas, exotic forests, and semi-natural pastures, could serve as a continuum for the protected areas network. This result suggests that protecting marginal non-natural areas may also be important, especially when areas with well- preserved natural habitats are scarce. This spatial planning approach can be easily applied to other islands in the archipelago and any similar island systems, to better plan conservation efforts (such as habitat restoration) and to design specific buffer zones around a protected areas network.
- A combined field survey and molecular identification protocol for comparing forest arthropod biodiversity across spatial scalesPublication . Emerson, Brent C.; Casquet, Juliane; López, Heriberto; Cardoso, Pedro; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Mollaret, Noémy; Oromí, Pedro; Strasberg, Dominique; Thébaud, ChristopheObtaining fundamental biodiversity metrics such as alpha, beta and gamma diversity for arthropods is often complicated by a lack of prior taxonomic information and/or taxonomic expertise, which can result in unreliable morphologically based estimates. We provide a set of standardized ecological and molecular sampling protocols that can be employed by researchers whose taxonomic skills may be limited, and where there may be a lack of robust a priori information regarding the regional pool of species. These protocols combine mass sampling of arthropods, classification of samples into parataxonomic units (PUs) and selective sampling of individuals for mtDNA sequencing to infer biological species. We sampled ten lowland rainforest plots located on the volcanic oceanic island of R eunion (Mascarene archipelago) for spiders, a group with limited taxonomic and distributional data for this region. We classified adults and juveniles into PUs and then demonstrated the reconciliation of these units with presumed biological species using mtDNA sequence data, ecological data and distributional data. Because our species assignment protocol is not reliant upon prior taxonomic information, or taxonomic expertise, it minimizes the problem of the Linnean shortfall to yield diversity estimates that can be directly compared across independent studies. Field sampling can be extended to other arthropod groups and habitats by adapting our field sampling protocol accordingly.
- MtDNA metagenomics reveals large-scale invasion of belowground arthropod communities by introduced speciesPublication . Cicconardi, Francesco; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Strasberg, Dominique; Oromí, Pedro; López, Heriberto; Pérez-Delgado, Antonio J.; Casquet, Juliane; Caujapé-Castells, Juli; Fernández-Palacios, José María; Thébaud, Christophe; Emerson, Brent C.Using a series of standardized sampling plots within forest ecosystems in remote oceanic islands, we reveal fundamental differences between the structuring of aboveground and belowground arthropod biodiversity that are likely due to large-scale species introductions by humans. Species of beetle and spider were sampled almost exclusively from single islands, while soil-dwelling Collembola exhibited more than tenfold higher species sharing among islands. Comparison of Collembola mitochondrial metagenomic data to a database of more than 80 000 Collembola barcode sequences revealed almost 30% of sampled island species are genetically identical, or near identical, to individuals sampled from often very distant geographic regions of the world. Patterns of mtDNA relatedness among Collembola implicate humanmediated species introductions, with minimum estimates for the proportion of introducedspecies on the sampled islands ranging from 45% to 88%. Our results call for more attention to soil mesofauna to understand the global extent and ecological consequences of species introductions.
- The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) projectPublication . Hudson, Lawrence N.; Newbold, Tim; [...], [...]; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Cardoso, Pedro; [...], [...]; Purvis, AndyThe PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.