CEEAplA Working Paper Series 2007
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- Arquitectura constitucional y procesos de integración en el caso portuguêsPublication . Rodrigues, José NoronhaCom meio século de existência, o processo de integração europeu/União Europeia encontra-se, actualmente, numa nova encruzilhada. Contudo, hoje, parece-nos inquestionável, que a integração europeia é um processo irreversível. Creio que laboramos neste sentido nos últimos cinquenta anos, de Paris a Nice. Portugal por via das sucessivas revisões Constitucionais conseguiu acompanhar e adaptar a sua arquitectura Constitucional ao processo de integração europeu.
- Ciudadanía y derechos fundamentalesPublication . Rodrigues, José NoronhaNum tempo, em que metade do Mundo desconfia de outra metade do Mundo, em que «o choque das civilizações» parece estar eminente, em que a geometria da Europa se estende a Leste, abordar a temática da Cidadania e dos Direitos Fundamentais, é circunscreve-la ao Homem; (…) temos que, desenvolver esforços para que a Cidadania da União, não seja complementar das cidadanias nacionais mas que a substitua; (…) temos que ambicionar a “Cidadania Mundial” e a Carta Mundial dos Princípios Fundamentais do Homem”.
- A Constituição Europeia e o espaço de liberdade, de segurança e de justiçaPublication . Rodrigues, José NoronhaA Génese de um Espaço de Liberdade, de Segurança e de Justiça ou a Génese de um Espaço de Segurança, de Liberdade e de Justiça? Qual é a terminologia correcta? Consideramos que, a terminologia correcta deveria ser a última, visto que “(…) [estas] três noções estão intrinsecamente ligadas. A liberdade perde muito do seu sentido se não puder ser vivida num ambiente de segurança, solidamente assente num sistema de justiça no qual todos os cidadãos e residentes da União possam ter confiança. Estes três conceitos indissociáveis têm um mesmo «denominador comum» – as pessoas – e a plena realização de um pressupõe a plena realização dos outros. Manter o equilíbrio entre estes conceitos deve constituir o fio condutor da acção da União.”
- Economic inequality in Portugal : A picture in the beginnings of the 21st centuryPublication . Budría, SantiagoThis article uses data from the 1994-2001 waves of the European Community Household Panel to study economic inequality in Portugal. It reports data on the Portuguese distributions of income, labor earnings, and capital income, and on related features of inequality, such as age, employment status, educational attainment, marital status and economic mobility. It also documents changes in inequality from 1994 to 2001, a period of economic expansion in Portugal. The statistical significance of the observed changes is assessed using non-parametric tests based on bootstrap techniques. The paper shows that income, earnings, and, very especially, capital income are very unequally distributed in Portugal. It also shows that over the sample years income and earnings inequality decreased, whilst capital income inequality tended to increase.
- Evaluating the propensity for entrepreneurship among university studentsPublication . Couto, João Pedro Almeida; Camilo, Maria JoséEntrepreneurship is a major element in fostering the dynamics of an economy and bringing new types of competitive business. The value of this new business depends a lot on the capabilities of the entrepreneurs. Having a university degree is a relevant aspect to the establishment of high value added new ventures that capture knowledge and innovative technologies. Thus the purpose of this paper is to understand the propensity to entrepreneurship among university students and the factors that influence this propensity. Therefore we contribute to the literature on entrepreneurship by analysing the factors that determine the propensity for starting a new business among a specific segment of individuals that due to their education can foster the creation of high value ventures and positively influence the economic development of an economy. We use a sample of university students in Portugal to test a framework of variables that tries to weight the influence of socio-demographic variables, psychological characteristics and contextual factors, namely the type of universities and course and national institutional framework, applying a probabilistic model to test the relative importance of these factors. The results show nationality, gender, enrolment in academic associations and family background are the more significant factors that differentiate students that consider starting a new business. Other relevant elements are the level of income, sports activity engagement and travelling abroad experience.
- Financial development and long-run growth : is the cross-sectional evidence robust?Publication . Andini, Corrado; Andini, MonicaIn a seminal paper, Levine et al. (2000) provide cross-sectional evidence on the causal positive impact of financial development on the mean of the conditional long-run growth distribution, in a sample of 71 countries. Using the same data-set, we argue that the impact of financial development of the median of the conditional growth distribution is doubtful. In addition, we find that the mean-based results due to Levine et al. (2000) are not robust to the presence of three outliers: Korea (Republic of), Malta and Taiwan.
- Governance and the determinants of local economic development in Raia Central IbéricaPublication . Neto, Paulo; Couto, João Pedro Almeida; Natário, Maria ManuelaThe dynamics of territorial governance configure a virtual geographic space and promote synergies and competitiveness. The ability to decide, adjust and regulate the territory depends of competent and efficient governance systems. These systems have an important role in the territorial innovation process all the way to the definition of projects, to regional politics and also in the regulation and organization of local activities. Thus, the aim of this paper is to present the results of an empirical research of the companies of the Raia Central Ibérica Region, which is located in the border area of Central Portugal/Spain. The research assesses entrepreneur satisfaction with respect to the sub-regions governance systems and their impact in the local dynamics of innovation and in the local economic development. The paper examines the imbalances in the satisfaction of governance systems in the sub-regions of Raia Central Ibérica. Based on an empirical study, the imbalances could be broadly attributed to differences in their most important problems, to the lack of common identity, to the lack of government/public intervention, but also to the lack of cooperation and to innovation.
- Level of the marketing strategical planning adopted by the touristic accommodations companies of the autonomous regions of Azores and MadeiraPublication . Faias, Carlos; Faias, Cláudia; Couto, João Pedro AlmeidaThe affirmation of the regions as potential touristic destinations depends, among others factors, on the level of development of the offer. It is a fact that, for the regions of touristic destination take advantage of the phenomenon of tourism, it’s necessary to create structures and economical activities that support this phenomenon. However, it is on the side of the demand that inhabits the power of choice, specifically the motivations, preferences, needs and trends of the market. Therefore, in a strategical process, the touristic marketing seeks to create conditions for the attraction of the demand, guiding the touristic offer in a proactive form. This happens when it develops new services that create new necessities in the market, or a reactive attitude, when adopting the changes of tastes, preferences and attitudes of the potential and effective markets. Based on this fact, the present article intends to identify the level of the marketing strategical planning adopted by the touristic accommodations companies of the Autonomous Regions of Azores and Madeira, namely, the enterprises inserted in the traditional hostelry and rural tourism. Beginning with a bibliographical revision concerning the strategical planning of tourist marketing, the work is based on a research, through the treatment of the primary data collected through an inquiry. The identification of the main strategies of marketing followed by the companies was demonstrated by the analysis of clusters in the agglomeration of the touristic units in groups with different performances in terms of marketing strategical planning.
- Measuring the impact of international financial reporting standards (ifrs) in firm reporting : The case of PortugalPublication . Silva, Francisco; Couto, Gualter; Cordeiro, Ruben MotaTo increase efficiency of the European finance market, the European Union (EU) recently forced all public companies to publish their financial disclosures with the support of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), emanated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), beginning January 1, 2005. In this paper, we measure the impact of the application of IFRS to financial information of Portuguese public companies belonging to the Eurolist by Euronext Lisbon. The results show that the Balance Sheet and Income Statement structures of the firms studied suffered relevant accounting conversions in the process of compliance. Nevertheless, we did not find a clear pattern for the accounting variations. IFRS implementation conditioned the measure made to the performance and the financial position of the business companies in Portugal.
- Modelos de integración jurídica en el derecho comparadoPublication . Rodrigues, José NoronhaOs “Modelos de Integração Jurídica”, poderão ser caracterizados como aquele molde pequeno e quase perfeito produzido pelo Direito de alguns Estados e, que, os outros Estados tendem a seguir e a imitar, e por vezes, integrar ajustando a ele, “ (…) saindo [deste modo] do paradigma do [modelo de] Estado soberano para [a promoção do modelo] da sociedade global.”