ARQ-LMS-SUPPLEMENTS
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SUPPLEMENT 12 - 2020 (capa)
Santos, Régis; Wendell Medeiros-Leal and Mário Pinho (2020). Synopsis of biological, ecological and fisheries-related information on priority marine species in the Azores region. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences. Suppl. 12: 138 pp.. ISBN 978-989-99834-7-2. EISSN 2182-9799. DOI:10.25752/arq.23299
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- Applied Aspects of Marine Parasitology : Proceedings of the International Workshop on Marine ParasitologyPublication . Afonso-Dias, Isabel, ed.; Menezes, Gui M., ed.; Mackenzie, Ken, ed.; Eiras, Jorge C., ed.Marine parasites are of immense ecological and economic importance. Almost all (if not all) groups of marine animals including the various invertebrates and, among the vertebrates, fish, marine birds and reptiles, are hosts to parasites, often with high prevalence’s and intensities of infection. Total global (marine and freshwater) aquaculture in 2004 was estimated to be worth more than US$ 55 billion. The commercial value of cultured salmonid fishes alone in 2001 was around US$ 3.84 billion (7.44 billion for all finfish). Disease, and much of it due to parasites, is the single most important factor threatening the aquaculture industry. Parasites led to the collapse of European flat oyster aquaculture in the years following 1979 and to devastating effects on oyster culture on the North American east coast over many years. Mass mortalities caused by parasites in the wild have not been well documented for marine vertebrates and invertebrates, due to the large spaces in the oceans involved and the difficulties in monitoring such effects, but there can be no doubt that parasites are responsible for mass mortalities of natural fish populations, and there is evidence for the involvement of parasites in beaching’s of whales. Introduction of a monogenean ectoparasite into the Aral Sea led to the total collapse of sturgeon and caviar fisheries there in the thirties. Economic losses may be via effects on the human psyche: reports on herring worms on German television some years ago induced many people to change their dietary habits away from fish, causing considerable losses to fishermen. Fish are routinely screened for parasite infections (many of them only of aesthetic significance), which causes considerable costs. However, the useful role of parasites must not be forgotten. They can be used in the study of host populations and migrations, and in pollution monitoring, because pollution affects the composition of parasite communities, and because some parasites store certain pollutants to a higher degree than their hosts. For all these reasons, a workshop dealing with applied aspects of marine parasites is important. At such a workshop, experts from around the world can meet, exchange ideas and communicate recent findings to younger participants, that is, to the future of the discipline. The list of speakers and participants shows that both these objectives have been achieved at this workshop, which concentrated on fish parasites. Speakers included outstanding experts from Portugal, Canada, the United States, Germany, Britain, Norway, and Chile. Particularly welcome: the conference photo shows many young faces. Seminars at the symposium ranged from disease trends in natural marine communities, the use of parasites in fish population studies, deep-sea parasites, parasites as indicators of environmental change, to parasites in mariculture, to mention only some. Of particular interest also: several seminars dealt with parasites in Azores and other Portuguese waters, and included a visit to the local fish market. There can be no doubt that a seminar on how to prepare whole mounts of parasites was welcomed especially by the younger participants. The Proceedings of this workshop will be useful not only to people involved in local fisheries and parasite work, but also to the international community of parasitologists and to people associated with the fishing industry.
- Developing a Sustainable Aquaculture Industry in the Azores : Proceedings of the International WorkshopPublication . Pham, Christopher K., ed.; Higgins, Ruth M., ed.; Girolamo, Mirko De, ed.; Isidro, Eduardo, ed.The first workshop on developing a sustainable aquaculture industry in the Azores was organised as a joint venture between the Institute of Marine Research at the Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores (IMAR/DOP) and the private enterprise seaExpert. The aim of the meeting was to determine the necessary steps to establish a sustainable Aquaculture Industry in the Azores and to identify priorities for further aquaculture research in the Region. Experts were invited from diverse areas, bringing specialized knowledge and understanding of a broad variety of factors involved in setting up an aquaculture industry. Speakers from across the world shared experience of aquaculture projects from other island ecosystems including: Madeira, the Canaries, Malta, Cyprus and Hawaii. Representatives of official institutions such as the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) of the U.S.A., and Centro Tecnológico del Mar of Spain (Fundación Cetmar) offered advice regarding planning, management and policy issues. A specialist from an independent company, Akvaplan-niva, with vast experience in Aquaculture development in Europe was also invited to offer suggestions and advice to local government representatives and stakeholders. The first part of the meeting was composed of a series of lectures: issuing the status of Aquaculture Worldwide and on the Portuguese scale; regulatory measures for aquaculture in the EU; trade, marketing, quality and safety of aquaculture products; oceanic and land-based production systems; and partitioned systems. Attention was also given to specific species that could be potentially produced in the Azores Region. A series of discussion forums were launched during the second part of the meeting. These were designed to determine the specific requirements and steps needed in order to launch an aquaculture industry in the Azores. Amongst the topics discussed were: the structure of management of a successful aquaculture initiative, the steps needed to establish such an initiative, focal species, and suitable technologies and strategies.
- Ecology of Aphidophaga : Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects : Proceedings of the 8th International SymposiumPublication . Soares, António O., ed.; Ventura, Maria A., ed.; Garcia, Vasco, ed.; Hemptinne, Jean-Louis, ed.Aphids and their natural enemies were central stage from 1st to 6th of September, 2002, at the University of the Azores in Ponta Delgada. Aphids were recorded as major pests early in the XXth Century (GAUMONT 1977) and continue to threaten field and greenhouse crops. As a consequence, pesticides are used regularly and intensively, which hampers the move towards sustainable agriculture. In theory, biological control of aphids is an alternative to chemical control but the record of biological control is not good (DIXON 2000). This does not mean that biological control should be abandoned. On the contrary, we should attempt to improve it, and this is the main objective of the IOBC Working Group “Ecology of aphidophaga”. Traditionally the majority of the communications presented at the meetings of this Working Group are on ladybird beetles. This was also the case at this meeting but the prominence of ladybirds was not a deliberate attempt to restrict the scientific scope of the meeting. History partly explains the domination of ladybirds. The outstanding success of Rodolia cardinalis in California many years ago still influences these conferences. This is not the only explanation. Ladybirds are a good model organism for improving our understanding of the role of natural enemies in regulating herbivore populations. Parasitoids have, and continue to be used as models for studying predator prey dynamics. However, the biology of parasitoids differs fundamentally from that of predators (DIXON 2000) and it is therefore unlikely that studies on parasitoids will shed light on all the theoretical and practical aspects of the interactions between prey and natural enemies. Studies on ladybirds complement those on parasitoids and give a better understanding of why the biological control of aphids sometimes fails. This was central to the interesting communications on predator-prey models, guild structure, fundamental biology and applications presented at the meeting.
- Fauna and Flora of the Atlantic Islands : Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium : Part APublication . Martins, Helena Rost, ed.
- Fauna and Flora of the Atlantic Islands : Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium : Part BPublication . Martins, Helena Rost, ed.
- Fishes of the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge collected during the MAR-ECO cruise in June-July 2004 : An Annotated ChecklistPublication . Porteiro, Filipe M. A.; Sutton, Tracey; Byrkjedal, Ingvar; Orlov, Alexy M.; Heino, Mikko; Menezes, Gui M.; Bergstad, Odd AkselRecords of the fishes from the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) (41⁰N - 60⁰N) sampled during two research cruises conducted in summer 2004 on the R/V G.O. Sars and M/S Loran are presented. The cruises were major sampling efforts carried out for the MAR-ECO project, i.e. the Census of Marine Life field project entitled “Patterns and Processes of the Ecosystems of the Northern Mid-Atlantic”. The investigation included sampling with several midwater nets, bottom trawl and longlines from surface waters to about 4000 m. The list comprises around 300 species of fishes from 82 families. Many records were new to the northern mid- Atlantic area, and the list also comprises three recently described species and some additional specimens to date only identified to genus.
- Island Biology 2016 : Conference program and abstracts : International Conference on Island Evolution, Ecology and ConservationPublication . Gabriel, Rosalina, ed.; Elias, Rui B., ed.; Amorim, Isabel R., ed.[…] The Island Biology 2016 international conference brings together the expertise of a wide spectrum of research fields, in order to expand knowledge and achieve a unified view of island biology. The conference includes poster presentations, plenary and regular sessions, and hosts 24 specialized symposia, aimed to accommodate in-depth discussions in topical areas in Island Biology. Biodiversity, Global Changes, Conservation, Invasive Species, Evolutionary Biology, Species Interactions and Networks, Paleobiology and Biogeography are the key conference themes. We expect that the pioneering ideas, leading theories, novel methodological approaches and recent ground breaking results presented at this conference will provide advances in island biology research and guidelines for the future development of this field. […]
- Marine Fishes of the Azores annotated checklist and bibliography : A Catalogue of the Azorean Marine IchthyodiversityPublication . Santos, Ricardo S.; Porteiro, Filipe M.; Barreiros, João P.No presente trabalho apresentamos uma lista dos peixes marinhos dos Açores. Esta lista é baseada numa revisão da literatura combinada com o estudo de espécimes depositados nas colecções de alguns museus, incluindo a colecção de peixes do Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores (Horta). Informações pessoais e conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo dos anos, são também incorporados. A área geográfica considerada é a da Zona Económica Exclusiva dos Açores. A lista está organizada em Classes, Ordens e Famílias, ordenadas segundo Nelson (1994). Os nomes científicos dos géneros e das espécies são, na sua maioria, adoptados da obra Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean (FNAM) (Whitehead et al. 1989), e estão organizados por ordem alfabética dos géneros e espécies. Os números Clofnam (vd. Hureau & Monod 1979) são referidos na ficha das espécies, assim como a indicação se a espécie não é citada para os Açores no FNAM. São fornecidas as designações vernaculares das espécies nos Açores. Os sinónimos e as ortografias e identificações incorrectas, referidos na literatura para os Açores são também incluídos nas fichas das espécies. Das 460 espécies referidas, pertencentes a 142 famílias, 12 são citadas pela primeira vez para os Açores. As informações referentes a outras 23 espécies, referidas pela primeira vez para os Açores no Livro Vermelho dos Vertebrados de Portugal (ICN 1993), são elucidadas. Cinquenta e quatro espécies de ocorrência excepcional e/ou ambígua são incluídas num primeiro apêndice. Num segundo apêndice são incluídas as restantes correções à lista de peixes publicada em ICN (1993). O artigo termina com uma síntese de conclusões e uma bibliografia anotada e classificada sobre os peixes marinhos dos Açores. A maioria destas referências estão disponíveis através da Biblioteca do Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores.
- Ocean Governance in Archipelagic Regions : International GovernancePublication . Rodrigues, Luís, ed.; Guerreiro, Alexandra Garcia, ed.A gestão das pescas na Região Autónoma dos Açores (RAA) é feita com base na Política Comum de pescas (PCP, Regulamento UE nº 1380/2013, de 11 de dezembro), que deverá ir ao encontro dos requisitos presentes na Diretiva Quadro Estratégia Marinha (DQEM, Diretiva nº 2008/56/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 17 de junho) e estar alinhada com os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável das Nações Unidas, nomeadamente o #14. A União Europeia (UE), através destes diplomas, exige aos estados membros que implementem medidas de gestão eficientes que assegurem a sustentabilidade social, económica e ambiental das atividades extrativas, incluindo a monitorização regular dos recursos explorados e seus habitats. Neste sentido a UE instituiu um quadro para a recolha e gestão de dados da pesca (Regulamento (UE) 2017/1004, de 17 maio) cujo principal objetivo é assegurar a recolha de dados, por todos os estados membros, que serão posteriormente disponibilizados e utilizados para efeitos de gestão das pescarias comunitárias. A monitorização da atividade pesqueira vem também expressa no art. 15º da PCP ao proibir as rejeições. Isto representa uma mudança fundamental no sistema de gestão das pescarias europeias face ao anterior regulamento base, que permite monitorizar todas as frações da captura e não apenas os desembarques. Um regime de gestão específico de acesso à pesca de espécies em profundidade foi também implementado pela EU (Regulamento (UE) 2016/2336, de 14 dezembro) e prevê, entre outros constrangimentos, uma cobertura mínima das operações de pesca em profundidade. A sustentabilidade das pescarias regionais e a garantia do bom estado ambiental é uma imposição clara da UE e passa pela tomada de medidas eficientes de gestão pesqueira que tenham por base informação obtida ao abrigo de programas sistemáticos de monitorização de recursos, da pesca e dos habitats marinhos. De facto, as decisões estratégicas a adotar na gestão dos recursos marinhos devem basear-se no conhecimento científico sólido e bem fundamentado sobre o nível de exploração que as unidades populacionais podem suportar, tendo em consideração também os potenciais efeitos que sobre eles podem exercer outras pressões. Consciente das obrigações impostas e das necessidades ao nível da recolha de dados da pesca, a administração regional garante a execução do Programa Nacional de Recolha de Dados da Pesca (PNRD) e financia uma série de outros programas de monitorização em estreita colaboração com o Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores. Alguns destes programas com uma série temporal de dados considerável, como são a campanha anual de demersais (ARQDAÇO) para estimação de abundâncias de recursos demersais e o Programa de Observação das Pescas dos Açores (POPA) para a recolha de dados das pescarias da região, com especial atenção à pescaria de atum de salto e vara. Acresce a estes programas de monitorização, o COSTA (COnsolidating Sea Turtle conservation in the Azores) que numa parceria com instituições estrangeiras prevê a recolha de dados na pescaria de palangre derivante de superfície, a de maior impacto na conservação de tartarugas marinhas que ocorrem na RAA. No que respeita aos recursos marinhos costeiros de interesse comercial a informação existente resume-se a estudos pontuais, o que levanta alguma incerteza relativamente à eficácia das medidas de gestão implementadas para algumas pescarias. Esta lacuna no conhecimento levou a administração regional, em 2019, a iniciar o financiamento um novo programa de monitorização de recursos costeiros e avaliação do seu estado de conservação (MoniCo), para assim, de forma consciente, impor medidas que permitam a sustentabilidade destas pescarias. A estes programas de monitorização acrescem-se os trabalhos que têm sido desenvolvidos ao nível da caracterização socioeconómica do ativo da pesca bem como do bem-estar financeiro dos mesmos.
- Planning the Management of Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Fields MPA in the Azores Triple JunctionPublication . Santos, Ricardo S., ed.; Colaço, Ana, ed.; Christiansen, Sabine, ed.[…] The present Workshop was conceived keeping in mind the ongoing research activities offshore of Azores, to great extent within the Portuguese EEZ, taking full advantage of the proximity of some of the most interesting hydrothermal vents site, of Horta2. It took also into account the ongoing steps and negotiations aiming at the establishment of a Deep-Sea Observatory (SANTOS et al. 2002), as a common infrastructure, eventually, to be inserted within the “European Research Area” (ERA) (BOISSONAS et al. 2002), hoping to mobilize support to such an observation tool, by interested national and other partners, as well as by European Union, eventually under the 6th Framework Programme, or other appropriate scheme. In order to respond to such stimulating challenges, the Workshop devoted its first part to make the point of the situation on the state of art and science knowledge on the vent fields, management of high seas and other relevant experiences dealing with marine protected areas. The second part of the Workshop was devoted to analyse and develop guidelines on legal and institutional arrangements and mechanisms, zonation and the development of elements for a code of conduct, having in mind the establishment of an appropriate conservation scheme. […]