DGST - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais / Articles in International Journals
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- National culture and research and development activitiesPublication . Couto, João Pedro Almeida; Vieira, José CabralThis paper examines the effect of national culture on the process of innovation and research and development activities in the subsidiaries of multinational companies. For this purpose, we use a sample of 222 subsidiaries for five European countries. The paper has drawn up two important findings. Firstly, cultural dimensions such as individualism, masculinity, power distance and uncertainty avoidance influence research and development activities of the subsidiaries. Secondly, the type of management model, defined according to the location of the parent company, influence the organization of the research and development activities.
- Capabilities as causal powersPublication . Martins, Nuno O.The author argues that Sen's capability approach is primarily a philosophical under-labouring exercise aimed at elaborating certain central economic categories, and that the philosophical and methodological underpinnings of Sen's approach are radically different from those of contemporary welfare economics and mainstream economic practice. Sen's notion of ‘capabilities’ as the potential functionings to achieve well-being is interpreted here as a specification of the ontological category of ‘causal power’, presupposing an open system conception of reality that contrasts with much of contemporary economic practice.
- Ethics, ontology and capabilitiesPublication . Martins, Nuno O.Amartya Sen's capability approach is concerned with the evaluation of inequality, and in particular with the description of the space in which equality should be assessed (the space of capabilities, or potential functionings). I will argue that Sen's approach is a philosophical exercise aimed at providing the ground for substantive theorising to proceed, that it does not itself engage in substantive theorising, and that it is mainly concerned with ontological description. Sen uses the categories of capabilities and respectively functionings to describe advantage and well-being. This ontological description can then be used for ethical theorising. But, as will be argued, the main emphasis of Sen's approach has been on the former, not on the latter. I will also argue that ontological realism is essential to Sen's approach, and that much of the persuasiveness of Sen's arguments spring from this (not explicitly acknowledged) ontological dimension. Furthermore, I will argue that an explicit recognition of this dimension is crucial for the development of Sen's perspective.
- Realism, universalism and capabilitiesPublication . Martins, Nuno O.Amartya Sen's capability approach is a perspective that (unlike approaches that focus only on resources or goods) takes into account the heterogeneities between human individuals in the assessment of well-being and advantage. Nevertheless, the recognition of diversity between individuals also poses difficulties to the application of the capability approach in welfare analysis. Tony Lawson's structured ontology will be suggested here in order to render (empirical) diversity compatible with the need to make more general (possibly universal) welfare analysis (and policy prescriptions). This is so because Lawson's structured ontology distinguishes between an empirical level, where diversity exists, and an ontologically distinct level of the causal factors underlying the former: universalizing and generalizing can be made at this latter level.
- On some criticisms of critical realism in economicsPublication . Moura, Mário G.; Martins, Nuno O.Methodological comments on critical realism in economics have proliferated over the past decade - typically focusing on Tony Lawson's Economics and Reality and Reorienting Economics, which constitute the core of this project. In the present paper we select a series of important, mostly very recent arguments against critical realism in economics and assess their merits and demerits.
- Improvising at work: the differences between experts and novicesPublication . Batista, Maria da Graça Câmara; Cunha, Miguel Pina eImprovisation is being presented as a relevant process in organizational environments marked by speed and unpredictability, but it is still an under-investigated topic. The theoretical question for which we seek to provide a preliminary insight is: How does novice behavior differ from expert behavior with regard to the use of improvisational action? We build on the integration of several disciplines to advance a theoretical model. We predict that several constructs will have differential effects on lhe adoption of improvisation by experts and novices. The paper contributes to the literature by suggesting that unexpected events with be approached differently by peopte with different levels or expertise, something which in turn will have both theoretical and applied implications.
- Assessing the Drivers of Virtual Knowledge Management Impact in European Firm's Performance: an Exploratory AnalysisPublication . Tiago, Flávio Borges; Tiago, Maria Teresa Borges; Couto, João Pedro Almeidae-Business is a phenomenon that has progressed over the past decades at record speed, with considerable promise and hype. It has been embraced with varying degrees of enthusiasm and impact by both large and SME firms. Parallel with its development, E-Business has attracted research interests, seen in a plethora of new modules, programmes, models and tools. Knowledge Management (KM) is one tool that has seemed to gain a more relevant role, especially as managing knowledge becomes increasingly important to all companies. Appropriate KM practices within organisations can be seen as one of the prerequisites of enhancement of continuous performance improvement in the interne-based context. Thus, our aim is to develop a conceptual framework related to KM practices in a virtual context and to identify the nature of the relationship existing in those knowledge-driven elements and performance achievements. This paper aims to bridge the gap between the KM and e-business performance-related literatures from the viewpoint of European firms by establishing a model tested in European companies. For this purpose, we used a structural equation modelling analysis. The results show that KM has a positive impact on the maximization of e-business performance and that some elements individually have a positive influence on e-business performance. As limitations of the study, we consider the need for more research into this field and the inclusion of news elements such as technological readiness and management support to KM initiatives. The present study advances knowledge on the nature of the relative importance of different components of Internet-based KM as drivers of e-business performance and reinforce its importance as an integrated e-business tool.
- The propensity and intensity of export activities of companies operating in EuropePublication . Couto, João Pedro Almeida; Tiago, Maria Teresa Borges; Vieira, José Cabral; Silva, FranciscoPrevious studies have explored the substantial benefits for companies and governments of exporting. Nevertheless the role of government has been analysed mainly trough export promotion programs and the importance of the subsidiaries of multinational companies to increment a country exports has not been tested together with other variables present in the literature on export performance. This research examines the export performance of companies in Europe. A sample of 239 companies in 12 countries was analysed and their level of exports was examined, using Logit and Tobit models. The contextual variables of the country of operations were combined with company characteristics, including dimension, age, and industry affiliation. The results show that foreign affiliation, age, country of operations and industry are important and that government efficiency is a key element to companies' propensity and intensity of export.
- The determinants of length of stay of tourists in the AzoresPublication . Menezes, António Gomes de; Moniz, Ana Isabel Arruda; Vieira, José CabralThis paper examines the determinants of the length of stay of tourists in the Azores. It is found that socio-demographic profiles, such as nationality and Azorean ascendancy, and trip attributes, such as repeat visitation rates and type of flight, are important determinants. In addition, destination image and attitudes regarding environmental initiatives, constructed from a factor analysis exercise, also influence the length of stay. In particular, the results suggest that marketing strategies which promote the Azores for its nature, landscape, remoteness and weather may increase length of stay, whereas cultural heritage has the opposite effect.
- Sen's capability approach and Post Keynesianism: similarities, distinctions, and the Cambridge traditionPublication . Martins, Nuno O.The capability approach to human development, proposed by Amartya Sen and others, is now a prominent perspective within welfare economics and development economics. I argue that the capability approach, like Post Keynesianism, can be situated within the Cambridge economic tradition, a tradition grounded on classical economics, and characterized by an ontological focus on themes such as openness and uncertainty, and by a common social philosophy. Furthermore, I argue that the capability approach and Post Keynesianism can be seen as complementary and mutually enriching approaches.