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Análise dos proveitos permitidos às empresas distribuidoras de serviços energéticos em Portugal
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Authors
Abstract(s)
A teoria da regulação económica surge da necessidade da intervenção do estado na economia, de forma a corrigir as falhas dos mercados e possibilitar melhorias no bem-estar da sociedade. Neste estudo, analisa-se a regulação da distribuição de gás natural, que fixa os proveitos permitidos às empresas com base nos seus custos, operada por onze empresas distribuidoras de gás natural em Portugal, cada uma concessionada a uma região. Assume-se a existência de monopólios regionais, devido aos elevados custos de exploração e ao aproveitamento de economias de escala.
Usando o modelo de dados em painel para um período de 10 anos de regulação, concluiu-se que os proveitos não estão fixados ao nível do custo marginal, mas sim a um nível superior. A regulação favorece os interesses das empresas, apontando para uma perda de bem-estar social. No entanto, foi possível confirmar que o modelo de fixação de preços em vigor favorece e incentiva as empresas mais eficientes.
Como complemento à conclusão obtida, calculou-se a perda de bem-estar social fruto desta situação, comparando-a com a de outros setores e atividades, para que fosse possível encontrar e/ou sugerir os motivos da existência do excedente económico empresarial. A comparação efetuada impulsionou ainda a quantificação da influência da não correção do volume de gás medido em função da pressão e temperatura na perda de bem-estar dos consumidores.
ABSTRACT: The theory of economic regulation arises from the need for government intervention in the economy in order to correct market failures and enable improvements in the wellbeing of society. This study examines the regulation of the distribution of natural gas, which sets the revenues allowed to companies based on their costs, operated by eleven companies in Portugal, each concessioned to a region. Regional monopolies are assumed, due to the high operating costs and economies of scale. Using a panel data model for a period of 10 years of regulation, it was possible to conclude that the revenues allowed are set at a higher level than the marginal cost. In this case, regulation benefits the interests of companies, pointing to a deadweight loss. However, it was possible to confirm that the current pricing model applied, encourages the most efficient firms. As a complement to the main conclusion, it was estimated the deadweight loss and the result was compared with other energy sectors and activities, in order to suggest the reasons for the existence of the market surplus. The comparison carried out also boosted the quantification of the influence of the non-correction of the measured gas volume as a function of the pressure and temperature in the loss of well-being of the consumers.
ABSTRACT: The theory of economic regulation arises from the need for government intervention in the economy in order to correct market failures and enable improvements in the wellbeing of society. This study examines the regulation of the distribution of natural gas, which sets the revenues allowed to companies based on their costs, operated by eleven companies in Portugal, each concessioned to a region. Regional monopolies are assumed, due to the high operating costs and economies of scale. Using a panel data model for a period of 10 years of regulation, it was possible to conclude that the revenues allowed are set at a higher level than the marginal cost. In this case, regulation benefits the interests of companies, pointing to a deadweight loss. However, it was possible to confirm that the current pricing model applied, encourages the most efficient firms. As a complement to the main conclusion, it was estimated the deadweight loss and the result was compared with other energy sectors and activities, in order to suggest the reasons for the existence of the market surplus. The comparison carried out also boosted the quantification of the influence of the non-correction of the measured gas volume as a function of the pressure and temperature in the loss of well-being of the consumers.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão de Empresas (MBA), 15 abril de 2019, Universidade dos Açores.
Keywords
Bem-Estar Social Gás Natural Regulação Económica Teoria da Regulação Natural Gas Marginal Cost Regulation Social Well-Being
Citation
Fraga, Ricardo João Pacheco. "Análise dos proveitos permitidos às empresas distribuidoras de serviços energéticos em Portugal". 2019. 91 p.. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão de Empresas (MBA)). Ponta Delgada: Universidade dos Açores, 2018. [Consult. Dia Mês Ano]. Disponível em www:<http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/5109>.