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- Nature exposure scale : Psychometric properties, reliability and validity evidence from Azores (Portugal)Publication . Arroz, Ana Moura; Picanço, Ana; Silva, Alexandra R.; Rosário, Isabel Amorim do; Gabriel, RosalinaAlthough exposure to nature has asserted its impact on health and well-being in numerous studies, the way in which it is assessed is still problematic and there are no validated measures for Portuguese-speaking countries. Hence, in this study, we carried out a psychometric analysis of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES), a self-report instrument with four Likert items, from its administration to a convenience sample of 579 adults residing in the Azores (Portugal). Overall, the results of the NES scale show good reliability and adequate divergent and convergent validity. But the understanding of its latent structure must be deepened.
- A conservation roadmap for the subterranean biomePublication . Wynne, J. Judson; Howarth, Francis G.; Mammola, Stefano; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Cardoso, Pedro; Lorenzo, Tiziana Di; Galassi, Diana M. P.; Medellin, Rodrigo A.; Miller, Bruce W.; Sánchez‐Fernández, David; Bichuette, Maria Elina; Biswas, Jayant; BlackEagle, Cory W.; Boonyanusith, Chaichat; Rosário, Isabel Amorim do; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Boston, Penelope J.; Cal, Reynold N.; Cheeptham, Naowarat; Deharveng, Louis; Eme, David; Faille, Arnaud; Fenolio, Danté; Fišer, Cene; Fišer, Žiga; ʻOhukaniʻōhiʻa Gon, Samuel M.; Goudarzi, Forough; Griebler, Christian; Halse, Stuart; Hoch, Hannelore; Kale, Enock; Katz, Aron D.; Kováč, Ľubomír; Lilley, Thomas M.; Manchi, Shirish; Manenti, Raoul; Martínez, Alejandro; Meierhofer, Melissa B.; Miller, Ana Z.; Moldovan, Oana Teodora; Niemiller, Matthew L.; Peck, Stewart B.; Pellegrini, Thais Giovannini; Pipan, Tanja; Phillips‐Lander, Charity M.; Poot, Celso; Racey, Paul A.; Sendra, Alberto; Shear, William A.; Silva, Marconi Souza; Taiti, Stefano; Tian, Mingyi; Venarsky, Michael P.; Pakarati, Sebastián Yancovic; Zagmajster, Maja; Zhao, YahuiThe 15th UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (COP15) will be held in Kunming, China in October 2021. Historically, CBDs and other multilateral treaties have either alluded to or entirely overlooked the subterranean biome. A multilateral effort to robustly examine, monitor, and incorporate the subterranean biome into future conservation targets will enable the CBD to further improve the ecological effectiveness of protected areas by including groundwater resources, subterranean ecosystem services, and the profoundly endemic subsurface biodiversity. To this end, we proffer a conservation roadmap that embodies five conceptual areas: (1) science gaps and data management needs; (2) anthropogenic stressors; (3) socioeconomic analysis and conflict resolution; (4) environmental education; and (5) national policies and multilateral agreements.
- Ask a Scientist : using place-based mobile learning to promote adolescents’ interest in naturePublication . Silva, Alexandra R.; Gabriel, Rosalina; Arroz, Ana Moura; Sousa, Daniel; Piasentin, Flora Bonazzi; Rosário, Isabel Amorim do; Matos, SóniaQuestioning can be an important instrument to promote students' interest in nature. In this study, based on questions from local adolescents about nature, we designed mobile learning materials focused on local nature-rich environments in the form of podcast episodes and tested them, in a quasi-experimental design, with a new group of adolescents to assess their efficacy in promoting participants’ curiosity about nature. Contributions of this study include insights for future research on technological nature and adolescents' interaction with nature and educational developments related to place-based learning for nature conservation.
- The Field Guide app : Connecting island communities to local conservation through mobile interactionPublication . Sousa, Daniel; Rocha Silva, Alexandra Filipa; Rosário, Isabel Amorim do; Ashby, Simone; Arroz, Ana Moura; Piasentin, Flora Bonazzi; Gabriel, Rosalina; Matos, SóniaHere we present Field Guide, a mobile application (app) designed to connect communities to nature-rich environments, which play a crucial role in nature conservation efforts. The app aligns to a mode of science communication that seeks to establish direct contact between publics and specialised scientific communities, most commonly known as the ’ask a scientist’ approach. Field Guide uses a geolocation positioning system to offer users the opportunity to pose questions to scientists whilst exploring a nature conservation site. In this demo, we display the app as a mock-up presentation before its first use by children and teenagers during afield-trip to a nature trail later in 2021.
- The era of reference genomes in conservation genomicsPublication . Formenti, Giulio; Theissinger, Kathrin; Fernandes, Carlos; Bista, Iliana; Bombarely, Aureliano; Bleidorn, Christoph; Ciofi, Claudio; Crottini, Angelica; Godoy, José A.; Höglund, Jacob; Malukiewicz, Joanna; Irisarri, Iker; Jakobsen, Kjetill S.; Jentoft, Sissel; Klinga, Peter; Kloch, Agnieszka; Kratochwil, Claudius F.; Kusche, Henrik; Layton, Kara K.S.; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Lerat, Emmanuelle; Mouton, Alice; Liti, Gianni; Manousaki, Tereza; Marques-Bonet, Tomas; Matos-Maraví, Pável; Matschiner, Michael; Maumus, Florian; Mc Cartney, Ann M.; Meiri, Shai; Melo-Ferreira, José; Mengual, Ximo; Oomen, Rebekah A.; Monaghan, Michael T.; Montagna, Matteo; Mysłajek, Robert W.; Neiber, Marco T.; Nicolas, Violaine; Novo, Marta; Ozretić, Petar; Palero, Ferran; Pârvulescu, Lucian; Pascual, Marta; Paez, Sadye; Paulo, Octávio S.; Pavlek, Martina; Pegueroles, Cinta; Pellissier, Loïc; Pesole, Graziano; Primmer, Craig R.; Riesgo, Ana; Rüber, Lukas; Rubolini, Diego; Salvi, Daniele; Palsbøll, Per J.; Seehausen, Ole; Seidel, Matthias; Secomandi, Simona; Studer, Bruno; Theodoridis, Spyros; Thines, Marco; Urban, Lara; Vasemägi, Anti; Vella, Adriana; Vella, Noel; Pampoulie, Christophe; Vernes, Sonja C.; Vernesi, Cristiano; Vieites, David R.; Waterhouse, Robert M.; Wheat, Christopher W.; Wörheide, Gert; Wurm, Yannick; Zammit, Gabrielle; Ruiz-López, María J.; Svardal, Hannes; Theofanopoulou, Constantina; de Vries, Jan; Waldvogel, Ann-Marie; Zhang, Guojie; Mazzoni, Camila J.; Jarvis, Erich D.; Bálint, Miklós; Formenti, Giulio; Theissinger, Kathrin; Fernandes, Carlos; Bista, Iliana; Bombarely, Aureliano; Bleidorn, Christoph; Čiampor, Fedor; Ciofi, Claudio; Crottini, Angelica; Godoy, José A.; Hoglund, Jacob; Malukiewicz, Joanna; Mouton, Alice; Oomen, Rebekah A.; Paez, Sadye; Palsbøll, Per; Pampoulie, Christophe; Ruiz-López, María José; Svardal, Hannes; Theofanopoulou, Constantina; de Vries, Jan; Waldvogel, Ann-Marie; Zhang, Goujie; Mazzoni, Camila J.; Jarvis, Erich; Bálint, Miklós; Aghayan, Sargis A.; Alioto, Tyler S.; Almudi, Isabel; Alvarez, Nadir; Alves, Paulo C.; Rosário, Isabel Amorim do; Antunes, Agostinho; Arribas, Paula; Baldrian, Petr; Berg, Paul R.; Bertorelle, Giorgio; Böhne, Astrid; Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea; Boštjančić, Ljudevit L.; Boussau, Bastien; Breton, Catherine M.; Buzan, Elena; Campos, Paula F.; Carreras, Carlos; Castro, L. FIlipe; Chueca, Luis J.; Conti, Elena; Cook-Deegan, Robert; Croll, Daniel; Cunha, Mónica V.; Delsuc, Frédéric; Dennis, Alice B.; Dimitrov, Dimitar; Faria, Rui; Favre, Adrien; Fedrigo, Olivier D.; Fernández, Rosa; Ficetola, Gentile Francesco; Flot, Jean-François; Gabaldón, Toni; Galea Agius, Dolores R.; Gallo, Guido R.; Giani, Alice M.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Grebenc, Tine; Guschanski, Katerina; Guyot, Romain; Hausdorf, Bernhard; Hawlitschek, Oliver; Heintzman, Peter D.; Heinze, Berthold; Hiller, Michael; Husemann, Martin; Iannucci, AlessioProgress in genome sequencing now enables the large-scale generation of reference genomes. Various international initiatives aim to generate reference genomes representing global biodiversity. These genomes provide unique insights into genomic diversity and architecture, thereby enabling comprehensive analyses of population and functional genomics, and are expected to revolutionize conservation genomics.
- A pulga-do-mar cavernícola da Gruta das Agulhas ‘Macarorchestia martini’ : Fichas dos habitantes dos ecossistemas subterrâneos dos AçoresPublication . Rosário, Isabel Amorim do; Pereira, Fernando; Borges, Paulo A. V.Atualmente são conhecidas cerca de 270 cavidades vulcânicas nos Açores, as quais representam um património natural único, quer pela sua riqueza geológica, quer pela grande diversidade de seres vivos que albergam. Com o intuito de dar a conhecer um pouco melhor os organismos dos habitats subterrâneos dos Açores, iniciou-se na edição de 2018 do Pingo de Lava uma coleção de fichas com informação sucinta sobre taxonomia, biologia, distribuição geográfica, espécies aparentadas, estado de conservação e algumas curiosidades de várias das espécies que ocorrem nestes locais. Para dar continuidade a estas “fichas dos habitantes dos ecossistemas subterrâneos dos Açores” escolhemos a espécie "Macarorchestia martini" Stock, 1989 uma pulga-do-mar cavernícola que só existe na Ilha Terceira. [...].
- Guia de atividades pedagógicas : À (re)descoberta da naturezaPublication . Silva, Alexandra R.; Gabriel, Rosalina; Rosário, Isabel Amorim do; Arroz, Ana Moura; Picanço, Ana; Matos, SóniaNum contexto escolar em que os alunos estão menos vezes do que o desejável em contacto direto com ambientes naturais, pretende-se, no âmbito do projeto de investigação Guia de Campo, disponibilizar a professores, pais e jovens um conjunto de atividades de exploração da natureza idealizadas de modo a diversificar os tipos de inteligência, de experiências e de elementos naturais abrangidos. De acordo com a abordagem da aprendizagem situada, que sublinha a relevância da relação entre a aprendizagem e a situação física e social em que ocorre, estas atividades foram desenvolvidas e testadas por jovens escuteiros de diferentes idades no Trilho dos Mistérios Negros, no Parque Natural da Ilha Terceira (Açores, Portugal). A seleção de atividades apresentadas neste guia como materiais de educação ambiental multidisciplinares, foi realizada tendo em conta a identificação de contextos específicos que facilitassem as aprendizagens, promovendo a curiosidade e conhecimento das crianças e jovens sobre os ambientes naturais do local onde vivem. Visava-se aumentar a sua exposição e conexão à natureza e expandir as suas possibilidades de relação (affordances) com ela. Crê-se estar a contribuir, deste modo, para o desenvolvimento da consciência ambiental e de competências cognitivas e metacognitivas, sociais, emocionais e psicomotoras. Para cada atividade encontram-se identificados os anos escolares e as áreas curriculares em que se enquadram de forma mais imediata. É também apresentada informação relativa às áreas de competências consideradas no Perfil dos Alunos à Saída da Escolaridade Obrigatória, bem como aos tipos de inteligência mais diretamente implicados, de acordo com a teoria das inteligências múltiplas.
- A multidisciplinary study of Iberian Chalcolithic dogsPublication . Blaschikoff, Ludmilla; Daza-Perea, Arantxa; Requicha, João; Detry, Cleia; Rasteiro, Rita; Guimarães, Sílvia; Ureña, Irene; Serra, Octávio; Schmidt, Ryan; Valera, António; Almeida, Nelson J.; Porfírio, Eduardo; Santos, Ana Beatriz; Delicado, Cátia; Simões, Fernanda; Matos, José António; Rosário, Isabel Amorim do; Petrucci-Fonseca, Francisco; Davis, Simon J.M.; Muñoz-Mérida, Antonio; Götherström, Anders; Fernández-Rodríguez, Carlos; Cardoso, João Luís; Ginja, Catarina; Pires, Ana ElisabeteDomesticated dogs have been present in the Iberian Peninsula long before other domesticated species, back to the late Palaeolithic period. Their origin is still uncertain, but dogs were already well established during the Chalcolithic period (ca. 5000–4000 BP). This study employed a multidisciplinary approach comprising osteometric, radiographic and palaeogenomic analyses to characterize Chalcolithic Iberian Canis remains. Two Chalcolithic archaeological sites – Leceia, Oeiras, in Portugal, and El Casetón de la Era, Villalba de los Alcores, Valladolid, in Spain – were the main focus of this study. Osteometric and odontometric data from eleven other sites in Iberia were also included. Osteometric results show signs of phenotypic variability, likely the result of human-driven selective pressure. Dental radiographic and dental wear analyses allowed age at death estimation for four individuals (two juvenile and two adults). Three Chalcolithic Iberian dogs had their mitogenomes resequenced and the mitochondrial DNA analysis allowed to assign each individual to two of the major known haplogroups – A and C. Molecular sex infered by the chromosomeX/chromosome1 coverage ratio allowed to identify one female and two males. This study unveils some aspects of the Iberian Chalcolithic dogs: these dogs already exhibited various morphotypes whose profiles might be associated to the performance of certain tasks, as well as mitogenomes of two distinct lineages that help tracking the evolutionary paths of Iberian dogs.
- Habitat filtering and inferred dispersal ability condition across‐scale species turnover and rarity in Macaronesian island spider assemblagesPublication . Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba; Rigal, François; Girardello, Marco; Cardoso, Pedro; Crespo, Luís C.; Amorim, Isabel R.; Arnedo, Miquel A.; Boieiro, Mário; Carvalho, José Carlos; Carvalho, Rui; Gabriel, Rosalina; Lamelas-López, Lucas; López, Heriberto; Paulo, Octávio S.; Pereira, Fernando; Pérez‐Delgado, Antonio J.; Rego, Carla; Romeiras, Maria M.; Ros-Prieto, Alejandra; Oromí, Pedro; Vieira, Ana; Emerson, Brent C.; Borges, Paulo A. V.AIM: Habitat diversity has been linked to the diversity and structure of island communities, however, little is known about patterns and processes within habitats. Here we aim to determine the contributions of habitat type and inferred dispersal frequency to the differences in taxonomic structure between assemblages in the same island habitat. LOCATION: The Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cabo Verde). TAXON: Spiders (Araneae). METHODS: We established forest and dry habitat sites (each with five plots) on two islands per archipelago. We collected spiders using standardised sampling protocols. We tested the differences in beta diversity separately for each habitat and for each inferred category of ballooning (an aerial dispersal strategy) frequency across geographic scales through nested non-parametric permutational multivariate analyses of variance. We then tested whether ballooning and habitat influenced heterogeneity in species composition (dispersion in beta diversity) in the two habitat types. We analysed the effects of habitat and ballooning on species abundance distribution (SAD) and rarity by fitting Gambin models and evaluating the contribution of ballooning categories to SAD. RESULTS: Communities of the same archipelago and habitat were taxonomically more similar, and beta diversity increased with geographic scale, being greater in dry habitats. There was greater species replacement among assemblages in dry habitats than in forests, with greater differences for rare ballooners. There were no differences in SAD between habitats although dry habitat sites seemed to harbour more species with low abundances (rare species) than forests. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Habitat type does not only condition the differences between spider assemblages of the same habitat but also the scale at which they occur. These differences may be determined by the heterogeneity in the physical structure of each habitat as well as how much this structure facilitates aerial dispersal (ballooning), and should be considered in theories/hypotheses on island community assembly as well as in conservation strategies.
- SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forests of Azores: V - New records of terrestrial arthropods after ten years of SLAM samplingPublication . Lhoumeau, Sébastien; Cardoso, Pedro; Boieiro, Mário; Ros-Prieto, Alejandra; Costa, Ricardo; Lamelas-López, Lucas; Leite, Abrão; Rosário, Isabel Amorim do; Gabriel, Rosalina; Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba; Rigal, François; Santos, Ana M. C.; Tsafack, Noelline; Ferreira, Maria Teresa; Borges, Paulo A. V.BACKGROUND: A long-term study monitoring arthropods (Arthropoda) is being conducted since 2012 in the forests of Azorean Islands. Named "SLAM - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores", this project aims to understand the impact of biodiversity erosion drivers in the distribution, abundance and diversity of Azorean arthropods. The current dataset represents arthropods that have been recorded using a total of 42 passive SLAM traps (Sea, Land and Air Malaise) deployed in native, mixed and exotic forest fragments in seven Azorean Islands (Flores, Faial, Pico, Graciosa, Terceira, São Miguel and Santa Maria). This manuscript is the fifth data-paper contribution, based on data from this long-term monitoring project. NEW INFORMATION: We targeted taxa for species identification belonging to Arachnida (excluding Acari), Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Hexapoda (excluding Collembola, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera (but including only Formicidae)). Specimens were sampled over seven Azorean Islands during the 2012-2021 period. Spiders (Araneae) data from Pico and Terceira Islands are not included since they have been already published elsewhere (Costa and Borges 2021, Lhoumeau et al. 2022). We collected a total of 176007 specimens, of which 168565 (95.7%) were identified to the species or subspecies level. For Araneae and some Hemiptera species, juveniles are also included in this paper, since the low diversity in the Azores allows a relatively precise species-level identification of this life-stage. We recorded a total of 316 named species and subspecies, belonging to 25 orders, 106 families and 260 genera. The ten most abundant species were mostly endemic or native non-endemic (one Opiliones, one Archaeognatha and seven Hemiptera) and only one exotic species, the Julida Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas, 1860). These ten species represent 107330 individuals (60%) of all sampled specimens and can be considered as the dominant species in the Azorean native forests for the target studied taxa. The Hemiptera were the most abundant taxa, with 90127 (50.4%) specimens. The Coleoptera were the most diverse with 30 (28.6%) families. We registered 72 new records for many of the islands (two for Flores, eight for Faial, 24 for Graciosa, 23 for Pico, eight for Terceira, three for São Miguel and four for Santa Maria). These records represent 58 species. None of them is new to the Azores Archipelago. Most of the new records are introduced species, all still with low abundance on the studied islands. This publication contributes to increasing the baseline information for future long-term comparisons of the arthropods of the studied sites and the knowledge of the arthropod fauna of the native forests of the Azores, in terms of species abundance, distribution and diversity throughout seasons and years.