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- A 13-year termite (Insecta, Blattodea) monitoring programme in the Azores: Dataset and findingsPublication . Borges, P.A.V.; Bettencourt, Sónia; Vargas, Dejalme; Medeiros, Raquel; Melo, João; Rodrigues, Ana; Baker, EdwardABSTRACT: From 2011 to 2024, the Azorean Government tested two coordinated monitoring programmes across the archipelago to survey four invasive termite species: the West Indian drywood termite, Cryptotermes brevis (Walker, 1853); the yellow-necked drywood termite, Kalotermes flavicollis (Fabricius, 1793); the Western European subterranean termite, Reticulitermes grassei Clément, 1978; and the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar, 1837). The monitoring programme was mostly directed to the detection of C. brevis in new locations. Drywood species were detected on multiple islands, with C. brevis established on six islands (from west to east: Faial, Pico, São Jorge, Terceira, São Miguel and Santa Maria) and exhibiting the highest infestation densities in the urban centres of the three most important islands in terms of economic activity and human population (São Miguel, Terceira and Faial). Kalotermes flavicollis occurs more sporadically, primarily along the south coasts of Terceira, São Miguel and southeast coast of Faial and seldom attains the pest status of C. brevis. In contrast, the two Reticulitermes species remain restricted to localised subterranean infestations: Reticulitermes grassei in Horta (Faial) and R. flavipes near Lajes Air Force Base (Terceira), each detected via house inspection visits. Collectively, these efforts provide the first comprehensive, archipelago-wide dataset on termite presence, laying the groundwork for targeted Integrated Pest Management strategies in the Azores.
- Arthropod communities of insular (São Miguel Island, Azores) and mainland (Portugal) coastal grasslandsPublication . Calado, Hugo Renato; Costa Miranda Soares, António Onofre; Heleno, Ruben; Borges, Paulo; Costa, AnaThe data presented here is part of a doctoral project aimed at characterising and comparing arthropod diversity across biotic communities in coastal ecosystems. The present work provides an inventory of the arthropods recorded in two coastal grasslands ecosystems: the Portugal mainland and the Azores. Sampling was conducted on São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago) as well as in the Sesimbra and Sines regions (Setúbal District, mainland Portugal). Thirty-one plots were set and visited four times, in spring and summer of 2022.
- Biodiversity insights from BioBlitz surveys on Terceira Island, AzoresPublication . Borges, Paulo; Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba; Gabriel, Rosalina; Videira, Sandra; Rodrigues, António Félix; Lhoumeau, Sébastien Georges André; Ros Prieto, Alejandra; Melo, Cecilia; Pozsgai, Gabor; Oyarzabal da Silva, Guilherme; Parmentier, Laurine Marie; Lamelas López, Lucas; Canelas Boieiro, Mário Rui; Barcelos, Paulo; Costa, Ricardo; Coelho, Ruben; Wallon, Sophie; Gonçalves, Susana; Arroz, Ana; Amorim do Rosário, Isabel; Elias, RuiABSTRACT: This manuscript is the first scientific publication of the project “BioBlitz Azores". The project was launched in 2019 and had a second event in 2023 under the scope of the FCT-MACRISK project, surveying the historic public garden "Jardim Duque da Terceira", in the historical centre of Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal). In addition to contributing directly to the knowledge of Azorean biota, BioBlitz Azores aims to engage the non-scientific community - including volunteers, amateur naturalists, students, teachers, families and other garden visitors - to foster a sense of community and raise awareness about Azorean biodiversity and its conservation.
- Checklist of coastal fishes from Cabo Verde ArchipelagoPublication . Barcelos, Luís; Freitas, Rui; Barreiros, João Pedro; Ottoni, FelipeABSTRACT: Taxonomic and geographic misattributions in biodiversity inventories remain a pressing issue in biogeographical research, particularly in regions with overlapping or similar place names. The Republic of Cabo Verde (also known as Cabo Verde Islands) and the Cape Verde Peninsula (Senegal) exemplify this challenge, where historical and recent studies have struggled to provide accurate species distributions due to unverified, erroneous and ambiguous records. This underscores the necessity of comprehensive, reliable datasets to delineate species occurrences across these distinct geographic areas.
- Coastal grassland vegetation records from São Miguel Island (Azores) and the south-western coast of mainland PortugalPublication . Calado, Hugo Renato; Costa Miranda Soares, António Onofre; Heleno, Ruben; Borges, P.A.V.; Elias, RuiABSTRACT: The present work provides an inventory of the plant species recorded in two distinct coastal grassland vegetations: the Azores Archipelago (São Miguel Island) and the south-western coast of mainland Portugal (Sesimbra and Sines Regions – Setúbal District). Sites were selected in both regions to have a similar general substrate (rocky), latitude and elevation. Thirty-one sites were selected in the coastal grasslands: thirteen were located on São Miguel Island and eighteen on the mainland, distributed across Sesimbra (12) and Sines (6). All sites were visited once during the spring of 2022. In each site, 30 photos were taken at 5-metre intervals, for a total of 930 photos. The Sesimbra and Sines Regions were chosen because they represent well-preserved examples of coastal grassland vegetation on the south-western coast of mainland Portugal, sharing similar environmental characteristics with the coastal grasslands of São Miguel Island, such as rocky substrate, Atlantic exposure and comparable latitude. This design allows a meaningful comparison between insular and continental vegetation under similar abiotic conditions, providing a standardised framework for documenting coastal plant diversity across contrasting geographic contexts.
- Dataset on bryophyte species distribution across an elevational gradient on Flores IslandPublication . Gabriel, Rosalina; Nunes Morgado, Leila; Poponessi, Silvia; Henriques, Debora; Coelho, Márcia; Silveira, Gabriela; Pereira, Fernando; Borges, P.A.V.; Guerrero-Ramírez, NathalyABSTRACT: A bryophyte diversity survey was carried out from July 29 to 1 August 2013, in Santa Cruz das Flores, Flores Island (Azores) (39.471185 N Latitude; -31.184692 W Longitude), along an elevational gradient (70, 200, 400, 600 and 800 m a.s.l.). The study employed the Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS) protocol for bryophytes. At each elevation level, three replicates of six substrates colonised by bryophytes (rock, soil, humus, dead wood, tree trunks, leaves) were collected. In total, 385 sampling events generated 1345 species occurrence records, representing 89 bryophyte species (37 mosses; 52 liverworts).
- Dung beetles of Azorean cattle-grazed pasturelands - data of the DUNGPOOL projectPublication . Duenas-Rojas, Almudena; Cuesta, Eva; Parmentier, Laurine Marie; Leite, Abrão; Borges, P.A.V.; Coelho dos Santos, Ana Margarida; Soares, AntónioABSTRACT: The data we present are part of the project DUNGPOOL, which aims to evaluate the effects of the species pool, community assembly processes and increasing temperatures on the local diversity and ecosystem functions performed by dung beetles in island and mainland cattle-grazed pasturelands. By combining replicated field experiments on the Iberian Peninsula with parallel work on three mid-Atlantic islands (Pico, Faial and Terceira, Azores), the project exploits the natural contrast between a species-rich mainland pool and the species-poor, largely exotic island pools, to test explicit biodiversity–ecosystem-function (BEF) hypotheses across spatial scales. From June to July 2024, dung beetles were sampled in 84 locations of the three islands of the Azores Archipelago (Portugal), using 306 pitfall traps baited with fresh cow dung.
- Insights from the Dalberto Teixeira Pombo (DTP) Arthropod Collection – I. Revealing the Hidden Diversity of Terrestrial Cave Arthropods in the AzoresPublication . Fonseca Crespo, Luís Carlos; Pereira, Fernando; Amorim do Rosário, Isabel; Borges, P.A.V.; Elias, RuiABSTRACT: Hosted at the University of the Azores, the “Dalberto Teixeira Pombo” Collection (DTP) is an invaluable repository showcasing the diversity of arthropods from the Azores Archipelago, Portugal. This collection not only preserves a vital record of the region’s arthropological heritage but also underpins ongoing biodiversity research and conservation efforts. In this context, we are inaugurating a new series of Data Papers under the AZORES BIOTA Biodiversity Data Journal Collection. These papers will systematically document and analyze previously unidentified specimens derived from multiple past expeditions aimed at surveying and monitoring a range of habitats across the Azores Islands. By integrating historical collections with modern research methodologies, this initiative aspires to reveal previously hidden facets of the archipelago’s biodiversity and to inform future ecological, biogeographical and evolutionary studies, as well as conservation endeavours. This first manuscript targets the subterranean arthropod fauna. Collected primarily during intensive field expeditions between 1991 and 2010, subterranean samples from the archipelago’s diverse cave systems and mesovoid habitats form a vast assemblage of specimens — most of which remain unidentified — that illuminate the region’s hidden and understudied biodiversity. Notably, the only taxonomically resolved subset comprises the cave-adapted ground‐beetles of the genus Trechus, a group of paramount importance to the understanding of the evolution of Azorean subterranean adapted fauna.
- Insights from the Dalberto Teixeira Pombo (DTP) Arthropod Collection – II. Long-term monitoring of arthropod fauna in the show cave Algar do Carvão (Terceira, Azores, Portugal)Publication . Fonseca Crespo, Luís Carlos; Amorim do Rosário, Isabel; Pereira, Fernando; Borges, P.A.V.; Ruzzier, EnricoABSTRACT: The second manuscript in the series "Dalberto Teixeira Pombo (DTP) Arthropod Collection" focuses on Algar do Carvão, a remarkable volcanic pit on Terceira Island, Azores, that is a Natural Monument, a show cave and part of the Terceira Island Natural Park. This volcanic cave is unique amongst the archipelago’s subterranean systems due to its distinctive geological features, including rare silica-based speleothems and its exceptional natural setting. Surrounded by remnants of native laurel forest, the cave hosts a specialised assemblage of arthropods, including several taxa endemic to the Azores and single island endemic species. Of particular interest are four obligate cave-dwelling species or subspecies (troglobionts): the centipede Lithobius obscurus azoreae Eason & Ashmole, 1992 (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha, Lithobiidae); the springtail Pseudosinella ashmoleorum da Gama, 1988 (Collembola, Entomobryomorpha, Entomobryidae); the spider Turinyphia cavernicola Wunderlich, 2008 (Arachnida, Araneae, Linyphiidae); and the ground beetle Trechus terceiranus Machado, 1988 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae), the last two being endemics to Terceira Island. These species are part of a fragile and narrowly distributed subterranean fauna shaped by the volcanic origin of the island and its isolation (0.4 Ma). Their presence highlights the conservation value of Algar do Carvão, which serves not only as a cave biodiversity hotspot, but also as a natural laboratory for studying evolution, adaptation to subterranean habitats and island biogeography. Despite being a show cave with frequent human visits, Algar do Carvão retains a relatively intact hypogean ecosystem, though it remains vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures, such as habitat disturbance and pollution.
- Integrating plot-based methods for monitoring biodiversity in island habitats under the scope of BIODIVERSA+ project BioMonI: Tree monitoring in Terceira, Tenerife and Réunion IslandsPublication . Borges, P.A.V.; Nunes Morgado, Leila; Gabriel, Rosalina; Pires Bento da Silva Elias, Rui Miguel; Gauche, Miharisoa; Ah-Peng, Claudine; Otto, Rüdiger; de Nascimento, Lea; Strasberg, Dominique; Guerrero-Ramírez. Nathaly; Kreft, Holger; Fernández-Palacios, José María; Soares, AntónioABSTRACT: Oceanic islands are globally recognised for their exceptional levels of biodiversity and endemism, often resulting from unique evolutionary processes in isolated environments. However, this biodiversity is also disproportionately threatened by anthropogenic pressures including habitat loss, invasive species and climate change. Targeted, long-term biodiversity monitoring is essential for detecting changes in these vulnerable ecosystems and providing information for conservation strategies. The EU BIODIVERSA + project BioMonI aims at building a global long-term monitoring network specifically tailored to the pressing needs of biodiversity conservation and monitoring on islands. In BioMonI, we use a novel approach that considers mapping previous and current monitoring schemes on islands, developing a harmonised monitoring scheme for island biodiversity and mobilising existing monitoring data. We are assembling data from BioMonI-Plot, a long-term vegetation plot network to understand biodiversity and ecosystem change. It will use baseline data from three focal archipelagos (Azores, Canary Islands and Mascarenes), but we aim to mobilise data from archipelagos worldwide. Plot-based data are a cornerstone of effective biodiversity monitoring on islands. These standardised data collections within permanent plots allow for consistent, replicable observations across temporal and spatial scales. Initiatives like the Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS) highlight the value of permanent plots in capturing ecological gradients and anthropogenic disturbance patterns. Such data underpin the detection of subtle shifts in community composition, functional diversity and species distributions, which are critical for assessing the effectiveness of conservation actions and predicting future ecological scenarios. In summary, plot-based data are indispensable for targeted and effective biodiversity monitoring on islands. They provide the empirical backbone necessary to provide information for adaptive management strategies and contribute to global biodiversity targets.