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- A 13-year termite (Insecta, Blattodea) monitoring programme in the Azores: Dataset and findingsPublication . Borges, P.A.V.; Bettencourt, Sónia; Vargas, Dejalme; Medeiros, Raquel; Melo, João; Rodrigues, Ana; Baker, EdwardABSTRACT: From 2011 to 2024, the Azorean Government tested two coordinated monitoring programmes across the archipelago to survey four invasive termite species: the West Indian drywood termite, Cryptotermes brevis (Walker, 1853); the yellow-necked drywood termite, Kalotermes flavicollis (Fabricius, 1793); the Western European subterranean termite, Reticulitermes grassei Clément, 1978; and the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar, 1837). The monitoring programme was mostly directed to the detection of C. brevis in new locations. Drywood species were detected on multiple islands, with C. brevis established on six islands (from west to east: Faial, Pico, São Jorge, Terceira, São Miguel and Santa Maria) and exhibiting the highest infestation densities in the urban centres of the three most important islands in terms of economic activity and human population (São Miguel, Terceira and Faial). Kalotermes flavicollis occurs more sporadically, primarily along the south coasts of Terceira, São Miguel and southeast coast of Faial and seldom attains the pest status of C. brevis. In contrast, the two Reticulitermes species remain restricted to localised subterranean infestations: Reticulitermes grassei in Horta (Faial) and R. flavipes near Lajes Air Force Base (Terceira), each detected via house inspection visits. Collectively, these efforts provide the first comprehensive, archipelago-wide dataset on termite presence, laying the groundwork for targeted Integrated Pest Management strategies in the Azores.
- Arthropod communities of insular (São Miguel Island, Azores) and mainland (Portugal) coastal grasslandsPublication . Calado, Hugo Renato; Costa Miranda Soares, António Onofre; Heleno, Ruben; Borges, Paulo; Costa, AnaThe data presented here is part of a doctoral project aimed at characterising and comparing arthropod diversity across biotic communities in coastal ecosystems. The present work provides an inventory of the arthropods recorded in two coastal grasslands ecosystems: the Portugal mainland and the Azores. Sampling was conducted on São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago) as well as in the Sesimbra and Sines regions (Setúbal District, mainland Portugal). Thirty-one plots were set and visited four times, in spring and summer of 2022.
- Biodiversity insights from BioBlitz surveys on Terceira Island, AzoresPublication . Borges, Paulo; Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba; Gabriel, Rosalina; Videira, Sandra; Rodrigues, António Félix; Lhoumeau, Sébastien Georges André; Ros Prieto, Alejandra; Melo, Cecilia; Pozsgai, Gabor; Oyarzabal da Silva, Guilherme; Parmentier, Laurine Marie; Lamelas López, Lucas; Canelas Boieiro, Mário Rui; Barcelos, Paulo; Costa, Ricardo; Coelho, Ruben; Wallon, Sophie; Gonçalves, Susana; Arroz, Ana; Amorim do Rosário, Isabel; Elias, RuiABSTRACT: This manuscript is the first scientific publication of the project “BioBlitz Azores". The project was launched in 2019 and had a second event in 2023 under the scope of the FCT-MACRISK project, surveying the historic public garden "Jardim Duque da Terceira", in the historical centre of Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal). In addition to contributing directly to the knowledge of Azorean biota, BioBlitz Azores aims to engage the non-scientific community - including volunteers, amateur naturalists, students, teachers, families and other garden visitors - to foster a sense of community and raise awareness about Azorean biodiversity and its conservation.
- BioTIME 2.0: Expanding and Improving a Database of Biodiversity Time SeriesPublication . Dornelas, Maria; Matthews, Thomas; Zvuloni, Assaf; Davies, JonathanABSTARCT: Motivation - Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included - The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain - Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain - The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample-level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement - The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format - csv and. SQL.
- Checklist of coastal fishes from Cabo Verde ArchipelagoPublication . Barcelos, Luís; Freitas, Rui; Barreiros, João Pedro; Ottoni, FelipeABSTRACT: Taxonomic and geographic misattributions in biodiversity inventories remain a pressing issue in biogeographical research, particularly in regions with overlapping or similar place names. The Republic of Cabo Verde (also known as Cabo Verde Islands) and the Cape Verde Peninsula (Senegal) exemplify this challenge, where historical and recent studies have struggled to provide accurate species distributions due to unverified, erroneous and ambiguous records. This underscores the necessity of comprehensive, reliable datasets to delineate species occurrences across these distinct geographic areas.
- Coastal grassland vegetation records from São Miguel Island (Azores) and the south-western coast of mainland PortugalPublication . Calado, Hugo Renato; Costa Miranda Soares, António Onofre; Heleno, Ruben; Borges, P.A.V.; Elias, RuiABSTRACT: The present work provides an inventory of the plant species recorded in two distinct coastal grassland vegetations: the Azores Archipelago (São Miguel Island) and the south-western coast of mainland Portugal (Sesimbra and Sines Regions – Setúbal District). Sites were selected in both regions to have a similar general substrate (rocky), latitude and elevation. Thirty-one sites were selected in the coastal grasslands: thirteen were located on São Miguel Island and eighteen on the mainland, distributed across Sesimbra (12) and Sines (6). All sites were visited once during the spring of 2022. In each site, 30 photos were taken at 5-metre intervals, for a total of 930 photos. The Sesimbra and Sines Regions were chosen because they represent well-preserved examples of coastal grassland vegetation on the south-western coast of mainland Portugal, sharing similar environmental characteristics with the coastal grasslands of São Miguel Island, such as rocky substrate, Atlantic exposure and comparable latitude. This design allows a meaningful comparison between insular and continental vegetation under similar abiotic conditions, providing a standardised framework for documenting coastal plant diversity across contrasting geographic contexts.
- A comprehensive trait dataset for Terrestrial Arthropods of the Azores: insights for conservation, island ecology and species invasionPublication . Oyarzabal da Silva, Guilherme; Rigal, François; Cardoso, Pedro; Amorim do Rosário, Isabel; Costa, Ricardo; Lhoumeau, Sébastien Georges André; Wallon, Sophie; Macías-Hernández, Nuria; Terzopoulou, Sofia; Triantis, Kostas; Borges, P.A.V.; Silva, DanielABSTRACT: Species functional traits provide critical insights into how organisms interact with and respond to their environment. Key characteristics, such as body size, dispersal ability and trophic specialisation influence species' survival, reproduction and adaptability. Island ecosystems, particularly oceanic archipelagos like the Azores, serve as ideal natural laboratories for studying these traits due to their unique biogeographic history and high endemism. Arthropods, as dominant colonisers and ecosystem engineers, exhibit rapid adaptation and trait diversification in these isolated settings. However, island arthropods face escalating threats from habitat loss, climate change and invasive species, which disrupt ecological functions and increase extinction risks. Under the scope of BALA (Biodiversity of Arthropods from the Laurisilva of Azores) project (1999-2021) and SLAM (Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores) project (2012-2025), we obtained a comprehensive and standardised dataset of arthropods functional traits currently known to occur in the Azores Archipelago.
- Dataset on bryophyte species distribution across an elevational gradient on Flores IslandPublication . Gabriel, Rosalina; Nunes Morgado, Leila; Poponessi, Silvia; Henriques, Debora; Coelho, Márcia; Silveira, Gabriela; Pereira, Fernando; Borges, P.A.V.; Guerrero-Ramírez, NathalyABSTRACT: A bryophyte diversity survey was carried out from July 29 to 1 August 2013, in Santa Cruz das Flores, Flores Island (Azores) (39.471185 N Latitude; -31.184692 W Longitude), along an elevational gradient (70, 200, 400, 600 and 800 m a.s.l.). The study employed the Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS) protocol for bryophytes. At each elevation level, three replicates of six substrates colonised by bryophytes (rock, soil, humus, dead wood, tree trunks, leaves) were collected. In total, 385 sampling events generated 1345 species occurrence records, representing 89 bryophyte species (37 mosses; 52 liverworts).
- Dung beetles of Azorean cattle-grazed pasturelands - data of the DUNGPOOL projectPublication . Duenas-Rojas, Almudena; Cuesta, Eva; Parmentier, Laurine Marie; Leite, Abrão; Borges, P.A.V.; Coelho dos Santos, Ana Margarida; Soares, AntónioABSTRACT: The data we present are part of the project DUNGPOOL, which aims to evaluate the effects of the species pool, community assembly processes and increasing temperatures on the local diversity and ecosystem functions performed by dung beetles in island and mainland cattle-grazed pasturelands. By combining replicated field experiments on the Iberian Peninsula with parallel work on three mid-Atlantic islands (Pico, Faial and Terceira, Azores), the project exploits the natural contrast between a species-rich mainland pool and the species-poor, largely exotic island pools, to test explicit biodiversity–ecosystem-function (BEF) hypotheses across spatial scales. From June to July 2024, dung beetles were sampled in 84 locations of the three islands of the Azores Archipelago (Portugal), using 306 pitfall traps baited with fresh cow dung.
- Insights from the Dalberto Teixeira Pombo (DTP) Arthropod Collection – I. Revealing the Hidden Diversity of Terrestrial Cave Arthropods in the AzoresPublication . Fonseca Crespo, Luís Carlos; Pereira, Fernando; Amorim do Rosário, Isabel; Borges, P.A.V.; Elias, RuiABSTRACT: Hosted at the University of the Azores, the “Dalberto Teixeira Pombo” Collection (DTP) is an invaluable repository showcasing the diversity of arthropods from the Azores Archipelago, Portugal. This collection not only preserves a vital record of the region’s arthropological heritage but also underpins ongoing biodiversity research and conservation efforts. In this context, we are inaugurating a new series of Data Papers under the AZORES BIOTA Biodiversity Data Journal Collection. These papers will systematically document and analyze previously unidentified specimens derived from multiple past expeditions aimed at surveying and monitoring a range of habitats across the Azores Islands. By integrating historical collections with modern research methodologies, this initiative aspires to reveal previously hidden facets of the archipelago’s biodiversity and to inform future ecological, biogeographical and evolutionary studies, as well as conservation endeavours. This first manuscript targets the subterranean arthropod fauna. Collected primarily during intensive field expeditions between 1991 and 2010, subterranean samples from the archipelago’s diverse cave systems and mesovoid habitats form a vast assemblage of specimens — most of which remain unidentified — that illuminate the region’s hidden and understudied biodiversity. Notably, the only taxonomically resolved subset comprises the cave-adapted ground‐beetles of the genus Trechus, a group of paramount importance to the understanding of the evolution of Azorean subterranean adapted fauna.