Browsing by Author "Galassi, Diana M. P."
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- Brazilian cave heritage under siegePublication . Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Bernard, Enrico; da Cruz Júnior, Francisco William; Piló, Luis Beethoven; Calux, Allan; Souza-Silva, Marconi; Barlow, Jos; Pompeu, Paulo S.; Cardoso, Pedro; Mammola, Stefano; García, Alejandro Martínez; Jeffery, William R.; Shear, William; Medellín, Rodrigo A.; Wynne, J. Judson; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Kamimura, Yoshitaka; Pipan, Tanja; Hajna, Nadja Zupan; Sendra, Alberto; Peck, Stewart; Onac, Bogdan P.; Culver, David C.; Hoch, Hannelore; Flot, Jean-François; Stoch, Fabio; Pavlek, Martina; Niemiller, Matthew L.; Manchi, Shirish; Deharveng, Louis; Fenolio, Danté; Calaforra, José-María; Yager, Jill; Griebler, Christian; Nader, Fadi Henri; Humphreys, William F.; Hughes, Alice C.; Fenton, Brock; Forti, Paolo; Sauro, Francesco; Veni, George; Frumkin, Amos; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Fišer, Cene; Trontelj, Peter; Zagmajster, Maja; Delic, Teo; Galassi, Diana M. P.; Vaccarelli, Ilaria; Komnenov, Marjan; Gainett, Guilherme; da Cunha Tavares, Valeria; Kováč, Ľubomír; Miller, Ana Z.; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Di Lorenzo, Tiziana; Moldovan, Oana T.; Sánchez-Fernández, David; Moutaouakil, Soumia; Howarth, Francis; Bilandžija, Helena; Dražina, Tvrtko; Kuharić, Nikolina; Butorac, Valerija; Lienhard, Charles; Cooper, Steve J. B.; Eme, David; Strauss, André Menezes; Saccò, Mattia; Zhao, Yahui; Williams, Paul; Tian, Mingyi; Tanalgo, Krizler; Woo, Kyung-Sik; Barjakovic, Miran; McCracken, Gary F.; Simmons, Nancy B; Racey, Paul A.; Ford, Derek; Labegalini, José Ayrton; Colzato, Nivaldo; Ramos Pereira, Maria João; Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S.; Moratelli, Ricardo; Du Preez, Gerhard; Pérez-González, Abel; Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.; Gunn, John; Mc Cartney, Ann; Bobrowiec, Paulo E. D.; Milko, Dmitry; Kinuthia, Wanja; Fischer, Erich; Meierhofer, Melissa B.; Frick, Winifred F
- A conservation roadmap for the subterranean biomePublication . Wynne, J. Judson; Howarth, Francis G.; Mammola, Stefano; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Cardoso, Pedro; Lorenzo, Tiziana Di; Galassi, Diana M. P.; Medellin, Rodrigo A.; Miller, Bruce W.; Sánchez‐Fernández, David; Bichuette, Maria Elina; Biswas, Jayant; BlackEagle, Cory W.; Boonyanusith, Chaichat; Rosário, Isabel Amorim do; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Boston, Penelope J.; Cal, Reynold N.; Cheeptham, Naowarat; Deharveng, Louis; Eme, David; Faille, Arnaud; Fenolio, Danté; Fišer, Cene; Fišer, Žiga; ʻOhukaniʻōhiʻa Gon, Samuel M.; Goudarzi, Forough; Griebler, Christian; Halse, Stuart; Hoch, Hannelore; Kale, Enock; Katz, Aron D.; Kováč, Ľubomír; Lilley, Thomas M.; Manchi, Shirish; Manenti, Raoul; Martínez, Alejandro; Meierhofer, Melissa B.; Miller, Ana Z.; Moldovan, Oana Teodora; Niemiller, Matthew L.; Peck, Stewart B.; Pellegrini, Thais Giovannini; Pipan, Tanja; Phillips‐Lander, Charity M.; Poot, Celso; Racey, Paul A.; Sendra, Alberto; Shear, William A.; Silva, Marconi Souza; Taiti, Stefano; Tian, Mingyi; Venarsky, Michael P.; Pakarati, Sebastián Yancovic; Zagmajster, Maja; Zhao, YahuiThe 15th UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (COP15) will be held in Kunming, China in October 2021. Historically, CBDs and other multilateral treaties have either alluded to or entirely overlooked the subterranean biome. A multilateral effort to robustly examine, monitor, and incorporate the subterranean biome into future conservation targets will enable the CBD to further improve the ecological effectiveness of protected areas by including groundwater resources, subterranean ecosystem services, and the profoundly endemic subsurface biodiversity. To this end, we proffer a conservation roadmap that embodies five conceptual areas: (1) science gaps and data management needs; (2) anthropogenic stressors; (3) socioeconomic analysis and conflict resolution; (4) environmental education; and (5) national policies and multilateral agreements.
- Towards evidence‐based conservation of subterranean ecosystemsPublication . Mammola, Stefano; Meierhofer, Melissa B.; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Colado, Raquel; Culver, David C.; Deharveng, Louis; Delić, Teo; Di Lorenzo, Tiziana; Dražina, Tvrtko; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Fiasca, Barbara; Fišer, Cene; Galassi, Diana M. P.; Garzoli, Laura; Gerovasileiou, Vasilis; Griebler, Christian; Halse, Stuart; Howarth, Francis G.; Isaia, Marco; Johnson, Joseph S.; Komerički, Ana; Martínez, Alejandro; Milano, Filippo; Moldovan, Oana T.; Nanni, Veronica; Nicolosi, Giuseppe; Niemiller, Matthew L.; Pallarés, Susana; Pavlek, Martina; Piano, Elena; Pipan, Tanja; Sanchez‐Fernandez, David; Santangeli, Andrea; Schmidt, Susanne I.; Wynne, J. Judson; Zagmajster, Maja; Zakšek, Valerija; Cardoso, PedroSubterranean ecosystems are among the most widespread environments on Earth, yet we still have poor knowledge of their biodiversity. To raise awareness of subterranean ecosystems, the essential services they provide, and their unique conservation challenges, 2021 and 2022 were designated International Years of Caves and Karst. As these ecosystems have traditionally been overlooked in global conservation agendas and multilateral agreements, a quantitative assessment of solution-based approaches to safeguard subterranean biota and associated habitats is timely. This assessment allows researchers and practitioners to understand the progress made and research needs in subterranean ecology and management. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature focused on subterranean ecosystems globally (terrestrial, freshwater, and saltwater systems), to quantify the available evidence-base for the effectiveness of conservation interventions. We selected 708 publications from the years 1964 to 2021 that discussed, recommended, or implemented 1,954 conservation interventions in subterranean ecosystems. We noted a steep increase in the number of studies from the 2000s while, surprisingly, the proportion of studies quantifying the impact of conservation interventions has steadily and significantly decreased in recent years. The effectiveness of 31% of conservation interventions has been tested statistically. We further highlight that 64% of the reported research occurred in the Palearctic and Nearctic biogeographic regions. Assessments of the effectiveness of conservation interventions were heavily biased towards indirect measures (monitoring and risk assessment), a limited sample of organisms (mostly arthropods and bats), and more accessible systems (terrestrial caves). Our results indicate that most conservation science in the field of subterranean biology does not apply a rigorous quantitative approach, resulting in sparse evidence for the effectiveness of interventions. This raises the important question of how to make conservation efforts more feasible to implement, cost-effective, and long-lasting. Although there is no single remedy, we propose a suite of potential solutions to focus our efforts better towards increasing statistical testing and stress the importance of standardising study reporting to facilitate meta-analytical exercises. We also provide a database summarising the available literature, which will help to build quantitative knowledge about interventions likely to yield the greatest impacts depending upon the subterranean species and habitats of interest. We view this as a starting point to shift away from the widespread tendency of recommending conservation interventions based on anecdotal and expert-based information rather than scientific evidence, without quantitatively testing their effectiveness.
- Trapped in the web of water : groundwater-fed springs are island-like ecosystems for the meiofaunaPublication . Fattorini, Simone; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Fiasca, Barbara; Galassi, Diana M. P.We investigated whether the equilibrium theory of island biogeography (ETIB) can be applied to the meiofauna of groundwater-fed springs. We tested whether copepod species richness was related with spring area, discharge, and elevation. Additionally, five hypotheses are tested based on species distribution patterns, dispersal ability, and life-history characteristics of several guilds (stygobiotic, nonstygobiotic, cold stenotherm, and noncold stenotherm species). Thirty springs in the central Apennines (Italy) were considered. A multimodel selection procedure was applied to select best-fit models using both ordinary least-squares regressions and autoregressive models. Mantel tests were used to investigate the impact of spatial autocorrelation in determining interspring similarity (ßsor), pure turnover (ßsim), intersite nestedness (ßnest = ßsor − ßsim), and matrix nestedness (measured using NODF and other metrics). Explicit consideration of spatial correlations reduced the importance of predictors of overall species richness, noncold stenotherm species (both negatively affected by elevation), cold stenotherm species, and nonstygobiotic species, but increased the importance of area for the stygobiotic species. We detected nested patterns in all cases, except for the stygobites. Interspring distances were positively correlated with ßsor and ßnest (but not with ßsim) for the entire data set and for nonstygobiotic, cold stenotherm, and noncold stenotherm species. In the case of stygobites, interspring geographical distances were marginally correlated with ßsor and no correlation was found for ßsim and ßnest. We found support for ETIB predictions about species richness, which was positively influenced by area and negatively by elevation (which expresses the size of source of immigrants). Low turnover and high nestedness are consistent with an equilibrium scenario mainly regulated by immigration and extinction. Stygobites, which include many distributional and evolutionary relicts, have a low capability to disperse through the aquifers and tend to be mainly confined to the springs where they drifted out and were trapped by springbed sediments.