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Modelo de Transportes Marítimos de Carga nos Açores
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Abstract(s)
O transporte marítimo de mercadorias nos Açores revela-se um serviço essencial e sem substitutos significativos. Com efeito, o transporte aéreo sendo substituto para um número diminuto de artigos não o é para a grande maioria e não existem outras alternativas. No presente trabalho pretendeu-se contribuir com uma caracterização do sistema e do com-portamento económico dos agentes envolvidos, através da procura e da oferta de trans-portes marítimos nos Açores.
Ao longo deste estudo traçamos algumas linhas breves da história da oferta de trans-portes marítimos nos Açores e caracterizamos o modelo de oferta que está em vigor, re-alçando as críticas e os elogios de que é objeto por parte dos stakeholders. Para além da caracterização do sistema de transportes existentes caracteriza-se a procura e a oferta à luz da teoria económica. Como resultado do exercício encontra-se um comportamento alinhado com a teoria do lado da procura e um comportamento completamente diferente do que nos diria a teoria da oferta. Do lado da procura verifica-se um comportamento inelástico relativamente ao preço do serviço e tendencialmente inelástico relativamente ao rendimento. Este resultado seria o expectável tendo em consideração que, o serviço de transporte marítimo de mercadorias não tem alternativa próxima uma vez que para o transporte de carga em geral, o avião não é uma opção razoável e o transporte rodoviário é uma impossibilidade. Isto significa que a procura está “cativa”, conclusão evidenciada pelo comportamento inelástico face ao preço e ao rendimento.
A maior dificuldade surge quando se pretende caracterizar a oferta. Com efeito, a oferta do serviço de transporte marítimo de mercadorias é altamente regulada, com regras muito restritivas de acesso por parte dos operadores interessados. Esta circunstância pode explicar os resultados insatisfatórios face ao que nos diria a teoria económica, obtidos na estimação dos coeficientes. Efetivamente, a reação da oferta face aos preços do serviço e face aos custos de produção evidenciam um comportamento que se rege não pelas regras de mercado, mas sim pelas restrições das obrigações de serviço público. Esta conclusão coloca em evidência a importância da configuração do modelo para assegurar a eficácia e a eficiência económica das opções tomadas.
ABSTRACT: The maritime transportation of goods in the Azores proves to be an essential service with-out significant substitutes. Air transport is indeed a substitute for a small number of items but not for the vast majority and there are no other viable options. Through the demand and supply of maritime transportation in the Azores, the current work aimed to contribute to a characterization of the system and the economic behavior of the agents involved. Throughout this study, we have traced some brief lines of the history of maritime transport supply in the Azores and characterized the current supply model, highlighting both criticism and praise from stakeholders. In addition to characterizing the existing transportation system, we characterized the demand and supply in light of economic the-ory. As a result of the exercise, the demand finds a behavior aligned with the theory and a behavior completely different from what the supply theory would tell us. On the demand side, there is an inelastic behavior in relation to the price of the service and it tends to be inelastic in relation to income. This outcome would be expected given that the maritime transport of goods has no close alternative because, in general, the plane is not a viable option for cargo transport and road transport is impossible. This implies that demand is "captive," as evidenced by the inelastic behavior of price and income. The most difficult part is attempting to characterize the offer. In fact, the maritime transport of goods is highly regulated, with extremely stringent rules for access by the interested operators This circumstance may explain the unsatisfactory results obtained in estimating the coefficients when compared to what the economic theory would predict. In practice, supply's reaction to service prices and production costs demonstrates behavior governed not by market rules, but by the constraints of public service obligations. This conclusion highlights the importance of the model configuration to ensure the effectiveness and economic efficiency of the decisions made.
ABSTRACT: The maritime transportation of goods in the Azores proves to be an essential service with-out significant substitutes. Air transport is indeed a substitute for a small number of items but not for the vast majority and there are no other viable options. Through the demand and supply of maritime transportation in the Azores, the current work aimed to contribute to a characterization of the system and the economic behavior of the agents involved. Throughout this study, we have traced some brief lines of the history of maritime transport supply in the Azores and characterized the current supply model, highlighting both criticism and praise from stakeholders. In addition to characterizing the existing transportation system, we characterized the demand and supply in light of economic the-ory. As a result of the exercise, the demand finds a behavior aligned with the theory and a behavior completely different from what the supply theory would tell us. On the demand side, there is an inelastic behavior in relation to the price of the service and it tends to be inelastic in relation to income. This outcome would be expected given that the maritime transport of goods has no close alternative because, in general, the plane is not a viable option for cargo transport and road transport is impossible. This implies that demand is "captive," as evidenced by the inelastic behavior of price and income. The most difficult part is attempting to characterize the offer. In fact, the maritime transport of goods is highly regulated, with extremely stringent rules for access by the interested operators This circumstance may explain the unsatisfactory results obtained in estimating the coefficients when compared to what the economic theory would predict. In practice, supply's reaction to service prices and production costs demonstrates behavior governed not by market rules, but by the constraints of public service obligations. This conclusion highlights the importance of the model configuration to ensure the effectiveness and economic efficiency of the decisions made.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão de Empresas (MBA), 26 de abril de 2023, Universidade dos Açores.
Keywords
Logistics Transporte Marítimo de Carga
Citation
Costa, Ana Sofia Miranda. (2022). "Modelo de Transportes Marítimos de Carga nos Açores". 66 p. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão de Empresas (MBA)). Ponta Delgada: Universidade dos Açores, 2022. Disponível em http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/6768