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O jogo na superação de dificuldades na matemática e na expressão plástica : uma reflexão no âmbito da prática de estágio na Educação Pré-escolar e no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico
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Abstract(s)
A Matemática, enquanto disciplina, tem apresentado uma elevada percentagem de insucesso por parte dos alunos, em todos os níveis de ensino. Vários estudos referem diferentes métodos e estratégias com vista à superação das dificuldades apresentadas pelas crianças.
Considerando a Expressão Plástica um meio pelo qual as crianças realizam aprendizagens num contexto lúdico, depreendemos que o estabelecimento de conexões entre a Matemática e a Expressão Plástica estimularia a imaginação e o raciocínio, permitindo um caminhar ténue do concreto para o abstrato, ao nível dos conceitos matemáticos. Para além de o recurso à Expressão Plástica poder contribuir para a superação de dificuldades a Matemática, entendemos que o caminho também poderia ser feito em sentido contrário.
Por todos estes motivos, optámos por desenvolver um estudo centrado no papel do jogo/atividades lúdicas na superação de dificuldades na Matemática e na Expressão Plástica, no âmbito da prática de estágio, na Educação Pré-Escolar e no 1.º CEB.
Desenvolvemos uma investigação de natureza qualitativa, assente num percurso metodológico baseado na investigação-ação. Para a recolha de dados, optámos pela observação participante, uma vez que o observador iria interagir com o grupo sobre o qual recaía a investigação, e pela entrevista semiestruturada, que foi elaborada considerando os objetivos por nós delineados.
O principal objetivo deste relatório de estágio foi apurar e confirmar as potencialidades da aprendizagem pelo jogo/atividades lúdicas, frisando a importância de uma abordagem gradual, do concreto para o abstrato, ao nível dos conceitos matemáticos e dos conteúdos a explorar na Expressão Plástica.
Os resultados desta investigação evidenciam que existe um impacto muito positivo do jogo na superação de dificuldades nos domínios/áreas da Matemática e da Expressão Plástica, no contexto da Educação Pré-Escolar e do 1.º CEB, manifestado nos 68,82 pontos percentuais resultantes da diferença entre as observações das potencialidades (84,16%) e dos constrangimentos (15,84%) da aprendizagem pelo jogo ao longo do estudo.
ABSTRACT: Mathematics, as a discipline, has presented a high percentage of student’s failure at all levels of education. Several studies report different methods and strategies to overcome the difficulties presented by children. Considering Plastic Expression as a means by which children perform learning in a playful context, we infer that the establishment of connections between Mathematics and Plastic Expression would stimulate imagination and reasoning, allowing a tenuous walk from concrete to abstract, at the level of concepts Mathematicians. Apart from the fact that the use of Plastic Expression can contribute to overcome difficulties in Mathematics, we understand that the path could also be done in the opposite direction. For all these reasons, we decided to develop a study focused on the role of games and play activities in overcoming difficulties in Mathematics and Plastic Expression, in the scope of internship practice, in Pre-School Education and in the 1st Cycle of Basic Education. We develop an investigation of a qualitative nature, based on a methodological course based on action research. For the data collection, we opted for participant observation, since the observer would interact with the group on which the investigation was based, and for the semi-structured interview, which was elaborated considering the objectives outlined by us. The main objective of this internship report was to verify and confirm the potentialities of learning by games and play activities, stressing the importance of a gradual approach, from concrete to abstract, to the level of mathematical concepts, to the contents to be explored in Plastic Expression. The results of this investigation show that there is a very positive impact of the game in overcoming difficulties in the areas of Mathematics and Plastic Expression, in the context of Pre-School Education and the 1st Cycle of Basic Education, manifested in 68.82 percentage points of the difference between the observations of potential (84.16%) and the constraints (15.84%) of learning through play during the study.
ABSTRACT: Mathematics, as a discipline, has presented a high percentage of student’s failure at all levels of education. Several studies report different methods and strategies to overcome the difficulties presented by children. Considering Plastic Expression as a means by which children perform learning in a playful context, we infer that the establishment of connections between Mathematics and Plastic Expression would stimulate imagination and reasoning, allowing a tenuous walk from concrete to abstract, at the level of concepts Mathematicians. Apart from the fact that the use of Plastic Expression can contribute to overcome difficulties in Mathematics, we understand that the path could also be done in the opposite direction. For all these reasons, we decided to develop a study focused on the role of games and play activities in overcoming difficulties in Mathematics and Plastic Expression, in the scope of internship practice, in Pre-School Education and in the 1st Cycle of Basic Education. We develop an investigation of a qualitative nature, based on a methodological course based on action research. For the data collection, we opted for participant observation, since the observer would interact with the group on which the investigation was based, and for the semi-structured interview, which was elaborated considering the objectives outlined by us. The main objective of this internship report was to verify and confirm the potentialities of learning by games and play activities, stressing the importance of a gradual approach, from concrete to abstract, to the level of mathematical concepts, to the contents to be explored in Plastic Expression. The results of this investigation show that there is a very positive impact of the game in overcoming difficulties in the areas of Mathematics and Plastic Expression, in the context of Pre-School Education and the 1st Cycle of Basic Education, manifested in 68.82 percentage points of the difference between the observations of potential (84.16%) and the constraints (15.84%) of learning through play during the study.
Description
Mestrado, Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, 11 de Maio de 2017, Universidade dos Açores.
Keywords
Educação Pré-Escolar Ensino Básico (1º Ciclo) Expressão Plástica Jogo Matemática Prática Pedagógica Mathematics Education Plastic Expression
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Moura, Sandra Couto. "O jogo na superação de dificuldades na matemática e na expressão plástica: uma reflexão no âmbito da prática de estágio na Educação Pré-escolar e no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico". 2017. 134 p.. (Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico / Relatório de Estágio). Ponta Delgada: Universidade dos Açores, 2016. [Consult. Dia Mês Ano]. Disponível em www:<http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/4451>.