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Mulher e Mãe enquanto Profissional Exposta a Radiações no séc. XXI
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Abstract(s)
No século XXI, o ser humano encontra-se continuamente exposto a radiações artificiais, abrangendo tanto radiações ionizantes como não ionizantes. O avanço tecnológico e científico permitiu progressos significativos na prática médica, especialmente nas áreas da Radiologia, Medicina Nuclear, Radioterapia e outras especialidades relacionadas com a saúde. Neste contexto, a responsabilidade pela proteção e monitorização dos profissionais expostos a radiações recai sobre as Organizações de Saúde. Estas organizações têm como objetivo assegurar que os valores das doses limites não sejam ultrapassados, garantir a monitorização dos profissionais através de dosímetros e fornecer os equipamentos de proteção individual necessários para o desempenho das suas funções. Além disso, promovem a formação contínua de todos os profissionais envolvidos neste contexto.
O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o nível de conhecimento em relação às práticas, normas e métodos de proteção contra radiações ionizantes, ao mesmo tempo que se pretende compreender o potencial impacto destas exposições na vida das mulheres, que desempenham papéis duplos como mães e profissionais de saúde, estando sujeitas a radiações ionizantes no seu ambiente de trabalho.
Para atingir este objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa que envolveu uma amostra de 50 profissionais do sexo feminino, nomeadamente médicas, enfermeiras, técnicas superiores de diagnóstico e terapêutica, assistentes operacionais, físicas, assistentes de medicina dentária e assistentes técnicas, com idades compreendias entre os 19 e os 62 anos (Midade = 34,74), que são expostas a radiações ionizantes. Estas profissionais desempenham as suas funções nas áreas de Radiologia, Medicina Nuclear, Radioterapia e Medicina Dentária, em hospitais, unidades de saúde e clínicas localizadas na Região Autónoma dos Açores. Através desta pesquisa, pretendeu-se compreender a profundidade dos conhecimentos e da consciência sobre práticas de segurança, bem como analisar como estas exposições podem afetar a vida e o desempenho destas mulheres, tanto no âmbito profissional quanto no papel fundamental de serem mães.
Este estudo visa contribuir para uma maior compreensão dos desafios e implicações enfrentados pelas mulheres que desempenham estas funções duplas, possibilitando assim a implementação de medidas de proteção mais eficazes e o fornecimento de apoio adequado a estas profissionais, de modo a garantir a sua saúde e bem-estar, bem como a segurança dos pacientes sob os seus cuidados.
Às respostas ao questionário foi feita uma análise estatística e do resultado desta análise foram retiradas conclusões. Verificamos através desta análise que os fatores idade e formação não revelam diferenças significativas no conhecimento das profissionais sobre as práticas, normas e métodos de proteção contra radiações ionizantes. De modo geral, as profissionais sem formação demonstraram ter alguns conhecimentos e noções sobre a temática face às radiações ionizantes, sendo que constatou-se que continuam sendo as profissionais com formação, as que possuem um maior nível de conhecimento nesta temática.
Em relação ao uso de EPI, verificamos que os trabalhadores dão mais importância ao uso do avental de chumbo por ser este o EPI mais utilizado pelas profissionais aquando exercem as suas funções em exposição às radiações ionizantes.
Também averiguamos que as mulheres quando encontram-se em período de gravidez, sabem que cuidados devem ter ao exercer as suas funções, apesar de não estarem informadas sobre as disposições internas nos seus serviços e, na maioria das vezes, quando informam as suas instituições sobre a gravidez são recolocadas em outros serviços a desempenhar outras funções.
ABSTRACT: In the 21st century, human beings are continually exposed to artificial radiation, including both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Technological and scientific advances have enabled significant progress in medical practice, especially in the areas of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy and other health-related specialties. In this context, the responsibility for protecting and monitoring professionals exposed to radiation falls to Health Organizations. The aim of these organizations is to ensure that dose limits are not exceeded, to monitor professionals using dosimeters and to provide the personal protective equipment needed to carry out their duties. They also promote continuous training for all the professionals involved in this context. The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge regarding ionizing radiation protection practices, standards and methods, while also seeking to understand the potential impact of these exposures on the lives of women, who play dual roles as mothers and health professionals, and are subjected to ionizing radiation in their work environment. In order to achieve this objective, a survey was carried out involving a sample of 50 female professionals, namely doctors, nurses, senior diagnostic and therapeutic technicians, operational assistants, physicists, dental assistants and technical assistants, aged between 19 and 62 (Midade = 34.74), who are exposed to ionizing radiation. These professionals work in the fields of radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and dentistry in hospitals, health units and clinics located in the Autonomous Region of the Azores. The aim of this research was to understand the depth of knowledge and awareness of safety practices, as well as to analyze how these exposures can affect the lives and performance of these women, both professionally and in their fundamental role as mothers. This study aims to contribute to a greater understanding of the challenges and implications faced by women who perform these dual roles, thus enabling the implementation of more effective protective measures and the provision of adequate support to these professionals, in order to guarantee their health and well-being, as well as the safety of the patients under their care.The answers to the questionnaire were statistically analyzed and conclusions were drawn from the results. This analysis shows that the factors of age and training do not reveal significant differences in the professionals' knowledge of the practices, standards and methods of protection against ionizing radiation. In general, the untrained professionals showed that they had some knowledge and notions on the subject of ionizing radiation, and it was found that it was still the trained professionals who had the highest level of knowledge on this subject. With regard to the use of PPE, we found that the workers give more importance to the use of lead aprons, as this is the PPE most used by professionals when they are exposed to ionizing radiation. We also found that when women are pregnant, they are aware of the precautions they should take when carrying out their duties, although they are not informed about the internal provisions in their departments and, most of the time, when they inform their institutions about their pregnancy, they are reassigned to other departments to carry out other duties.
ABSTRACT: In the 21st century, human beings are continually exposed to artificial radiation, including both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Technological and scientific advances have enabled significant progress in medical practice, especially in the areas of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy and other health-related specialties. In this context, the responsibility for protecting and monitoring professionals exposed to radiation falls to Health Organizations. The aim of these organizations is to ensure that dose limits are not exceeded, to monitor professionals using dosimeters and to provide the personal protective equipment needed to carry out their duties. They also promote continuous training for all the professionals involved in this context. The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge regarding ionizing radiation protection practices, standards and methods, while also seeking to understand the potential impact of these exposures on the lives of women, who play dual roles as mothers and health professionals, and are subjected to ionizing radiation in their work environment. In order to achieve this objective, a survey was carried out involving a sample of 50 female professionals, namely doctors, nurses, senior diagnostic and therapeutic technicians, operational assistants, physicists, dental assistants and technical assistants, aged between 19 and 62 (Midade = 34.74), who are exposed to ionizing radiation. These professionals work in the fields of radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and dentistry in hospitals, health units and clinics located in the Autonomous Region of the Azores. The aim of this research was to understand the depth of knowledge and awareness of safety practices, as well as to analyze how these exposures can affect the lives and performance of these women, both professionally and in their fundamental role as mothers. This study aims to contribute to a greater understanding of the challenges and implications faced by women who perform these dual roles, thus enabling the implementation of more effective protective measures and the provision of adequate support to these professionals, in order to guarantee their health and well-being, as well as the safety of the patients under their care.The answers to the questionnaire were statistically analyzed and conclusions were drawn from the results. This analysis shows that the factors of age and training do not reveal significant differences in the professionals' knowledge of the practices, standards and methods of protection against ionizing radiation. In general, the untrained professionals showed that they had some knowledge and notions on the subject of ionizing radiation, and it was found that it was still the trained professionals who had the highest level of knowledge on this subject. With regard to the use of PPE, we found that the workers give more importance to the use of lead aprons, as this is the PPE most used by professionals when they are exposed to ionizing radiation. We also found that when women are pregnant, they are aware of the precautions they should take when carrying out their duties, although they are not informed about the internal provisions in their departments and, most of the time, when they inform their institutions about their pregnancy, they are reassigned to other departments to carry out other duties.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado, Ambiente, Saúde e Segurança, 27 de fevereiro de 2024, Universidade dos Açores.
Keywords
Radiação Ionizante Radiologia Exposição Perceção do Risco Profissionais Mãe
Citation
Costa, Sara Filipa Maia. (2023). "Mulher e Mãe enquanto Profissional Exposta a Radiações no séc. XXI". 88 p. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Ambiente, Saúde e Segurança). Ponta Delgada: Universidade dos Açores, 2023. Disponível em http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/7106