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Avaliação do sistema de cultivo e armazenamento para três cultivares de batatas-doces existentes nos Açores
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O cultivo e a produção de batata-doce, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., encontramse comumente presentes no Arquipélago dos Açores. Contudo, não existindo estudos sobre o cultivo desta cultura na Região, e dado o aumento de interesse quer a nível dos produtores agrícolas, quer a nível dos consumidores, considerou-se importante compreender melhor o sistema de cultivo que mais se adequa à Região, a produtividade das cultivares mais frequentemente cultivadas e os diferentes tipos de armazenamento utilizados após a colheita (em armazém e ao ar livre). Deste modo, para além de se avaliar a cultivar com maior nível de produção, tendo em consideração diferentes tipos de cultivo (solo nu, solo com amontoa, cobertura com plástico e plástico armado em camalhão), também se avaliam as perdas de peso resultantes dos diferentes tipos de armazenamento.
Importa referir que foram estudados três tipos diferentes de cultivares, dando-lhe os nomes de: PAI, ABÓBORA e ESTRELA, uma vez que não existe um inventariação e identificação destas cultivares.
A cultivar estudada que obteve maiores produções totais trata-se da cultivar PAI. Tendo em consideração os valores médios de todos os sistemas de cultivo, obtiveram-se produções totais de 1.042 g/planta para a cultivar PAI, seguindo-se a cultivar ESTRELA com 928 g/planta e, finalmente, a cultivar ABÓBORA com 812 g/planta.
Quanto ao sistema de cultivo, o plástico com amontoa trata-se do sistema com melhores resultados em termos de produção de plantas, tendo-se verificado um incremento de produção, quando comparado com os demais, de até 43,9%. Relativamente ao tipo de armazenamento, as perdas de peso foram superiores no caso das batatas-doces colocadas ao ar livre. Em condições de armazém verificaram-se perdas de peso de 7,5%, enquanto ao sol, as perdas foram de 9%, ambas na quarta semana de cultivo, traduzindo-se numa diferença de perda de peso entre sistemas de armazenamento de 20%.
ABSTRACT: Cultivation and production of sweet potato, Ipomoea potatoes (L.) Lam., are commonly present in the Azores Archipelago. However, there are no studies on the cultivation of this crop in the Region, and given the increasing interest on the part of farmers, and consumers, is important understand the farming system that best suits the Region, to be tested from most commonly cultivated varieties and the different types of storage used after harvesting (in storage and outdoors). In this study, is calculated the variety with a higher production level, taking into consideration different types of cultivation (bare soil, pile soil, plastic mulch and hill plastic mulch), and evaluate the weight loss by different types of storage. It should be noted, that three different types of varieties were studied, giving them the names of: PAI, ABÓBORA and ESTRELA, since there is no inventory and identification of these varieties. The studied variety that obtained the highest total yields is the PAI variety. Considering the average values of all cropping systems, total yields of 1,042 g/plant were obtained for the PAI variety, followed by the ESTRELA variety with 928 g/plant and finally the 812 g/ABÓBORA variety. As for the cropping system, the pile plastic mulch is the system with the best results in terms of plant production, with an increase of up to 43.9% compared to the others. For the type of storage, weight losses were higher for sweet potatoes placed outdoors. Under storage conditions there were 7.5% weight losses, while in the sun the losses were 9%, both on the fourth week of cultivation, resulting in a 20% weight loss difference between storage systems.
ABSTRACT: Cultivation and production of sweet potato, Ipomoea potatoes (L.) Lam., are commonly present in the Azores Archipelago. However, there are no studies on the cultivation of this crop in the Region, and given the increasing interest on the part of farmers, and consumers, is important understand the farming system that best suits the Region, to be tested from most commonly cultivated varieties and the different types of storage used after harvesting (in storage and outdoors). In this study, is calculated the variety with a higher production level, taking into consideration different types of cultivation (bare soil, pile soil, plastic mulch and hill plastic mulch), and evaluate the weight loss by different types of storage. It should be noted, that three different types of varieties were studied, giving them the names of: PAI, ABÓBORA and ESTRELA, since there is no inventory and identification of these varieties. The studied variety that obtained the highest total yields is the PAI variety. Considering the average values of all cropping systems, total yields of 1,042 g/plant were obtained for the PAI variety, followed by the ESTRELA variety with 928 g/plant and finally the 812 g/ABÓBORA variety. As for the cropping system, the pile plastic mulch is the system with the best results in terms of plant production, with an increase of up to 43.9% compared to the others. For the type of storage, weight losses were higher for sweet potatoes placed outdoors. Under storage conditions there were 7.5% weight losses, while in the sun the losses were 9%, both on the fourth week of cultivation, resulting in a 20% weight loss difference between storage systems.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Agronómica, 28 de fevereiro de 2020.
Keywords
Agronomia Batata-Doce Hortícultura Cultivation Systems Sweet Potatoes Azores
Citation
Ledo, Francisco Arruda. "Avaliação do sistema de cultivo e armazenamento para três cultivares de batatas-doces existentes nos Açores". 2020. 104 p.. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica). Angra do Heroísmo: Universidade dos Açores, 2019. [Consult. Dia Mês Ano]. Disponível em www:<http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/5943>.