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Uriel da Costa: um caso-limite de intolerância
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Abstract(s)
Uriel da Costa (1584-1640) nasceu no seio de uma família de cristãos-novos do Porto, onde foi «criado fidalgamente» na religião católica. Uma sucessão de crises religiosas levou-o à conversão ao judaísmo, que depois foi evoluindo na direção de um deísmo naturalista. Ao sair de Portugal, viveu em Hamburgo e Amesterdão, e tornou-se conhecido pela comoção que suscitou o seu drama existencial, intimamente associado às conceções fraturantes que defendeu. Entre elas, perfilam-se as suas teorias contra a imortalidade da alma e a vida para além da morte, mas também a sua defesa do primado da lei natural e da religião nos limites do que a razão livremente estabelece. Em toda a sua trajetória vai emergindo um espírito informado pelo que as ciências iam descobrindo, designadamente no campo dos estudos anatómicos, e uma ideia de razão, já própria da modernidade, que organizava o mundo e a ação humana segundo a clarividência das suas conceções ou hipóteses de trabalho. Trata-se de uma nova perspetiva que entra em confronto aberto com a ideia de razão como lugar da revelação das verdades eternas, o que de algum modo explica o clima de absoluta intolerância que marcou a relação de Uriel da Costa com os sábios da nação de Israel, que, em três sinagogas diferentes, condenaram as suas conceções.
ABSRACT: Uriel da Costa (1584-1640) was born into a family of New Christians in Porto, where he was “raised faithfully” in the Catholic religion. A succession of religious crises led him to convert to Judaism, which later evolved towards a naturalistic deism. Upon leaving Portugal, he lived in Hamburg and Amsterdam, and became known for the commotion caused by his existential drama, closely associated with the fractured conceptions he defended. Among them are his theories against the immortality of the soul and life beyond death, but also his defense of the primacy of natural law and religion within the limits of what reason freely establishes. Throughout its trajectory, a spirit emerged informed by what the sciences were discovering, namely from anatomical studies, and an idea of reason, already characteristic of modernity, which organized the world and human action according to the clairvoyance of its conceptions or working hypotheses. It is a new perspective that comes into open confrontation with the idea of reason as a place for the revelation of eternal truths, which somehow explains the climate of absolute intolerance that marked Da Costa's relationship with the wise men of the nation of Israel, who, in three different synagogues, condemned its conceptions.
ABSRACT: Uriel da Costa (1584-1640) was born into a family of New Christians in Porto, where he was “raised faithfully” in the Catholic religion. A succession of religious crises led him to convert to Judaism, which later evolved towards a naturalistic deism. Upon leaving Portugal, he lived in Hamburg and Amsterdam, and became known for the commotion caused by his existential drama, closely associated with the fractured conceptions he defended. Among them are his theories against the immortality of the soul and life beyond death, but also his defense of the primacy of natural law and religion within the limits of what reason freely establishes. Throughout its trajectory, a spirit emerged informed by what the sciences were discovering, namely from anatomical studies, and an idea of reason, already characteristic of modernity, which organized the world and human action according to the clairvoyance of its conceptions or working hypotheses. It is a new perspective that comes into open confrontation with the idea of reason as a place for the revelation of eternal truths, which somehow explains the climate of absolute intolerance that marked Da Costa's relationship with the wise men of the nation of Israel, who, in three different synagogues, condemned its conceptions.
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Keywords
Alma Lei de Boca Lei Natural Naturalismo Razão
Citation
Luz, José Luís Brandão da (2021). "Uriel da Costa: um caso-limite de intolerância". em Memórias da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Classe de Letras, DOI: https://doi.org/10.58164/a72z-kc48