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Elementos para o desenho de estruturas de armazenagem e movimentaĆ§Ć£o de GPL : uma abordagem sob o ponto de vista ATEX
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Abstract(s)
A armazenagem e manuseamento de substĆ¢ncias perigosas, designadamente gases de petrĆ³leo liquefeito, impƵem um elevado rigor e a adopĆ§Ć£o de prĆ”ticas que permitam que as vĆ”rias actividades se desenvolvam de forma a atingir os padrƵes de qualidade pretendidos, ao mesmo tempo garantam a seguranƧa de pessoas, equipamentos e infra-estruturas, no integral respeito pelo meio envolvente. O trabalho desenvolvido pela Comunidade Europeia, com vista a harmonizar as vĆ”rias perspectivas existentes, na Ć”rea das atmosferas potencialmente explosivas (ATEX), traduz-se actualmente num quadro legislativo que contempla duas vertentes: os requisitos dos equipamentos instalados e em funcionamento nesses espaƧos, e a protecĆ§Ć£o da seguranƧa e saĆŗde dos trabalhadores susceptĆveis Ć exposiĆ§Ć£o a riscos associados a atmosferas explosivas. Neste Ć¢mbito, Ć s entidades que desenvolvem a sua actividade em ambientes ATEX, impƵe-se uma anĆ”lise das soluƧƵes existentes e dos respectivos sistemas de controlo, nĆ£o apenas como forma de resposta Ć legislaĆ§Ć£o, mas sobretudo como ferramentas de gestĆ£o dos riscos associados Ć operaĆ§Ć£o nesse tipo de atmosferas. O presente trabalho, desenvolvido como tese de dissertaĆ§Ć£o no Ć¢mbito do Mestrado em Ambiente, SaĆŗde e SeguranƧa, ministrado pela Universidade dos AƧores, visou a Ć”rea da armazenagem e movimentaĆ§Ć£o de Gases de PetrĆ³leo Liquefeito, teve por base um Parque de GPL concreto (Parque de GPL da Sociedade AƧoreana de Armazenagem de GĆ”s) e pretendeu desenvolver uma metodologia para classificaĆ§Ć£o das zonas com atmosferas explosivas e determinaĆ§Ć£o da sua extensĆ£o, tendo como base o equipamento instalado nessas zonas, os parĆ¢metros reais de funcionamento, as restriƧƵes do espaƧo envolvente e as variĆ”veis ambientais. A percepĆ§Ć£o da relaĆ§Ć£o e influĆŖncia dos diversos factores envolvidos na libertaĆ§Ć£o de uma substĆ¢ncia, que originarĆ” uma atmosfera explosiva, permitiu identificar vĆ”rios aspectos a considerar em estruturas de armazenagem e movimentaĆ§Ć£o de GPL e cuja adopĆ§Ć£o se revela importante, desde a fase de projecto e desenho de estruturas de armazenagem e movimentaĆ§Ć£o de GPL. A selecĆ§Ć£o da amostra dos equipamentos para anĆ”lise, recaiu sobre os elementos mais representativos, que pela sua importĆ¢ncia e quantidade sĆ£o os mais utilizados, nos vĆ”rios sistemas que constituem um Parque de GPL. Outra preocupaĆ§Ć£o que esteve presente ao longo do trabalho, foi a reproduĆ§Ć£o com um grau de rigor elevado, das condiƧƵes de funcionamento de cada equipamento em particular, e da caracterizaĆ§Ć£o do espaƧo ambiental envolvente, uma vez que estes factores contribuem grandemente para a compreensĆ£o dos fenĆ³menos de dispersĆ£o de nuvens potencialmente explosivas, geradas por um ponto de fuga, ou de libertaĆ§Ć£o de produto. Como principais resultados, realƧamos a noĆ§Ć£o de zonagem dinĆ¢mica, isto Ć©, adaptada Ć s condiƧƵes reais de funcionamento, que caso se alterem significativamente, deverĆ£o ser alvo de redefiniĆ§Ć£o. Ao longo do presente trabalho, tentamos transmitir, tanto quanto possĆvel, a noĆ§Ć£o dimensional dos valores produzidos, atravĆ©s da transposiĆ§Ć£o para diagramas e esquemas de cada equipamento numa primeira fase, e para um conjunto mais alargado Ć posteriori, permitindo em simultĆ¢neo uma visualizaĆ§Ć£o mais prĆ³xima da realidade. O programa informĆ”tico Zonas, desenvolvido na fase de anĆ”lise das equaƧƵes seleccionadas para traduzir os fenĆ³menos de dispersĆ£o das libertaƧƵes de GPL, e inicialmente apenas como auxiliar de cĆ”lculo e iteraĆ§Ć£o, permitindo percepcionar o modo como cada variĆ”vel, ou entrada, influencia o resultado final, acabou por fazer parte dos resultados como uma ferramenta que poderĆ” vir a ser utilizada na prĆ”tica, e integrada, como auxiliar, nos estudos de anĆ”lise de risco, jĆ” que a sua utilidade e consistĆŖncia parece-nos ter ficado demonstrada nos cenĆ”rios testados.
ABSTRACT: When dealing with storage and handling of hazardous substances, like liquefied petroleum gases, a high level of accuracy is required. You need also, a set of procedures to guarantee you achieve the highest quality standards, during all the activities involved. At the same time, safety of operators, machinery and structures, together with straight respect of the environment is mandatory. The work carried out by the European Community tended to achieve a common perspective on the potential explosive atmospheres (ATEX). As a result a legislative basis covering two main approaches was made. One of them was related to equipment requirements, when installed and working on explosive atmosphere areas. The other approach, was related with safety and health of workers, operating on areas subject to such atmospheres and the associated risks. Such scenario, transfers to the companies that develop their activities in ATEX environments, the responsibility to analyse the appropriate solutions and the adequate control systems. Those solutions will respond to the demands of the legislation but, and most important, intent to risk assessment on explosive atmospheres. As part of the studies on a masterās degree on Environment, Health and Security, by the University of Azores, this thesis was developed for the storage and handling of LP gases area. The main goal was to develop a zone classification methodology, based on explosive atmospheres principles, together with the equipment installed on those areas. The real working conditions, space and other structural restrictions as well as environmental conditions, were also taken in account. This work was developed according to a real scenario (Sociedade AƧoreana de Armazenagem de GĆ”sās LP gas plant). We started by understanding the relationship between the several factors involved on a release of a substance that could become an explosive atmosphere. This allowed the identification of several aspects to consider on a LP Gas plant, which should be taken into account from the project of such structures. A representative set of equipments was carefully chosen. Those equipments, were selected for their importance and usage on the systems installed on LP gas plants. Another main concern throughout the entire work was to follow, as straight as possible, the real working conditions and the environmental characterization of the considered plant. Those items have a very important role on the explanation of the dispersion of potential explosive atmospheres. As outputs of this work, we point out the need of a dynamic zoning, that is, adequate to the real space conditions and working parameters. That zone should be redefined when, and if, the initial scenario changes. Throughout the present work, weāve also tried to give the idea on the scale of the values that were presented. This was achieved in a series of drawings and diagrams from single components, to a wider group of the real structure. During the analysis of the governing equations, that weāve chose to model the behaviour of the dispersion of LP gas releases, weāve developed the Zonas software. It permitted to help the several calculation and iterations involved. The other goal of this software was to evaluate the contribution of the several factors on the calculus process, but at the end, it became a part of this workās outputs. As it revealed to be a useful tool, we think a similar one should be included, as a phase, on the necessary risk assessment studies.
ABSTRACT: When dealing with storage and handling of hazardous substances, like liquefied petroleum gases, a high level of accuracy is required. You need also, a set of procedures to guarantee you achieve the highest quality standards, during all the activities involved. At the same time, safety of operators, machinery and structures, together with straight respect of the environment is mandatory. The work carried out by the European Community tended to achieve a common perspective on the potential explosive atmospheres (ATEX). As a result a legislative basis covering two main approaches was made. One of them was related to equipment requirements, when installed and working on explosive atmosphere areas. The other approach, was related with safety and health of workers, operating on areas subject to such atmospheres and the associated risks. Such scenario, transfers to the companies that develop their activities in ATEX environments, the responsibility to analyse the appropriate solutions and the adequate control systems. Those solutions will respond to the demands of the legislation but, and most important, intent to risk assessment on explosive atmospheres. As part of the studies on a masterās degree on Environment, Health and Security, by the University of Azores, this thesis was developed for the storage and handling of LP gases area. The main goal was to develop a zone classification methodology, based on explosive atmospheres principles, together with the equipment installed on those areas. The real working conditions, space and other structural restrictions as well as environmental conditions, were also taken in account. This work was developed according to a real scenario (Sociedade AƧoreana de Armazenagem de GĆ”sās LP gas plant). We started by understanding the relationship between the several factors involved on a release of a substance that could become an explosive atmosphere. This allowed the identification of several aspects to consider on a LP Gas plant, which should be taken into account from the project of such structures. A representative set of equipments was carefully chosen. Those equipments, were selected for their importance and usage on the systems installed on LP gas plants. Another main concern throughout the entire work was to follow, as straight as possible, the real working conditions and the environmental characterization of the considered plant. Those items have a very important role on the explanation of the dispersion of potential explosive atmospheres. As outputs of this work, we point out the need of a dynamic zoning, that is, adequate to the real space conditions and working parameters. That zone should be redefined when, and if, the initial scenario changes. Throughout the present work, weāve also tried to give the idea on the scale of the values that were presented. This was achieved in a series of drawings and diagrams from single components, to a wider group of the real structure. During the analysis of the governing equations, that weāve chose to model the behaviour of the dispersion of LP gas releases, weāve developed the Zonas software. It permitted to help the several calculation and iterations involved. The other goal of this software was to evaluate the contribution of the several factors on the calculus process, but at the end, it became a part of this workās outputs. As it revealed to be a useful tool, we think a similar one should be included, as a phase, on the necessary risk assessment studies.
Description
DissertaĆ§Ć£o de Mestrado em Ambiente, SaĆŗde e SeguranƧa.
Keywords
Armazenagem de SubstĆ¢ncias Perigosas Manuseamento de SubstĆ¢ncias Perigosas SaĆŗde no Trabalho SeguranƧa no Trabalho Hazardous Substance Handling Health at Work Storage of Hazardous Substances Workplace Safety