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- Formiga-argentina um pequeno invasor…mas com grande impactoPublication . Boieiro, Mário; Rego, Carla; Borges, Paulo A. V.A FORMIGA-ARGENTINA - Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868) - é considerada uma das 100 piores espécies invasoras a escala Global por ser responsável por impactos severos na biodiversidade e nos processos ecológicos, tanto em áreas continentais como nas ilhas. Esta espécie é originaria da América do Sul e foi introduzida no continente Europeu durante o século XIX, tendo o primeiro registo sido feito de Portugal. No espaço de algumas décadas sucederam-se os primeiros registos desta espécie noutros países europeus (respetivamente em Itália, Franca, Espanha, Bósnia, Mónaco, …), estando atualmente bem distribuída neste continente. […].
- Standardised inventories of lepidopterans and odonates from Serra da Estrela Natural Park (Portugal) : setting the scene for mountain biodiversity monitoringPublication . Boieiro, Mário; Antunes, Sandra; Figueiredo, Hugo; Soares, Albano; Lopes, Ana; Monteiro, Eva; Garcia-Pereira, Patrícia; Rego, Carla; Conde, José; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Serrano, Artur R. M.BACKGROUND: Mountain insect biodiversity is unique, but is menaced by different drivers, particularly climate and land-use changes. In mainland Portugal, the highest mountain - Serra da Estrela - is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots, being classified as Natural Park since 1976. Many lepidopteran and odonate species, including rare and protected species, are known to occur in Serra da Estrela, but basic knowledge on their abundance, distribution and ecology is still lacking. Standardised sampling of these communities is crucial to provide valuable biological information to support short-term decision-making for conservation management, setting simultaneously the standards for mountain biodiversity monitoring aiming to tackle the effects of environmental change in the long-term. NEW INFORMATION: This study reports novel information on lepidopteran and odonate species diversity, distribution and abundance from Serra da Estrela Natural Park (Portugal). Seventy-two lepidopteran and 26 odonate species were sampled in this protected area, including the first findings of Apatura ilia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Macromia splendens (Pictet, 1843) and Vanessa virginiensis (Drury, 1773). New populations of Euphydrias aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775) and Oxygastra curtisii (Dale, 1834), protected species under the Habitats Directive, were found in this Natural Park and novel distribution and ecological data were collected for most species, including several rare species and subspecies [e.g. Aeshna juncea (Linnaeus, 1758), Coenonympha glycerion iphioides Staudinger, 1870, Cyaniris semiargus (Rottemburg, 1775) and Sympetrum flaveolum (Linnaeus, 1758)]. All data were collected using standardised sampling allowing its use as a baseline for biodiversity monitoring in Serra da Estrela.
- Two alien insect species are new records at the family-level to the Azores archipelago (Portugal)Publication . Boeiro, Mário; Leite, Abrão; Rego, Carla; Varga-Szilay, Zsófia; Borges, Paulo A.V.Species introductions are a major issue for biodiversity conservation and human well-being worldwide, but their impact can be particularly severe in oceanic island ecosystems. Here, we report the occurrence of two alien species on Terceira island, Rivellia syngenesiae (Fabricius, 1781) (Diptera: Platystomatidae) and Sceliphron caementarium (Drury, 1773) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae), being the first reports of these insect families to the Azores archipelago. We provide the diagnosis of each species, information on their distribution and ecology, and discuss their potential impact on native biodiversity. Furthermore, we anticipate the spread of these species through the Azores islands, benefiting from the high increase in commerce and tourism, and stress the need to set a program for the early detection of alien species in the archipelago.
- Standardised inventories of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Macaronesia II : The native forests and dry habitats of Madeira archipelago (Madeira and Porto Santo islands)Publication . Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba; Boieiro, Mário; Cardoso, Pedro; Carvalho, Rui; Crespo, Luís C.; Gabriel, Rosalina; Macías Hernández, Nuria; Paulo, Octávio S.; Pereira, Fernando; Rego, Carla; Ros Prieto, Alejandra; Silva, Isamberto; Vieira, Ana; Rigal, François; Borges, Paulo A. V.BACKGROUND: Here we present the data obtained from the samples collected as part of a large research project (MACDIV) which aims at understanding the drivers of spider (Araneae) community assembly in Macaronesian islands. To obtain the data, we applied the sampling protocol COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment), in twelve 50 m x 50 m native forest plots and five dry habitat plots on the island of Madeiraand in 5 dry habitat plots on the island of Porto Santo. Through this publication, we contribute to the knowledge of the arachnofauna of the Madeiran archipelago. NEW INFORMATION: From the samples that we collected, we obtained a total of 14,902 specimens, of which 49% were adults (7,263). We identified these specimens to 87 species and 18 morphospecies (undescribed), belonging to 26 families. Species of the family Linyphiidae dominated the samples, with 24 (morpho)species. Out of the 105 recorded (morpho)species, 34 were endemic, 26 native non-endemic, 22 introduced and 23 species of unknown origin. We report seven new records of possibly recently introduced species in the Madeiran archipelago. We also present 21 new records for Madeira island and 32 for Porto Santo (33 for the whole archipelago).
- The fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) of the Madeira archipelago with the description of a new Oedosphenella FreyPublication . Penado, Andreia; Smit, John T.; Aguiar, António F.; Cravo, Délia; Rego, Carla; Santos, Renata; Boieiro, MárioA checklist of the tephritid fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Madeira archipelago is presented, including 17 known species and new distribution records for Porto Santo and Desertas Islands. An identification key to Madeira Tephritidae species with detailed illustrations is also provided. A new species of Oedosphenella Frey 1936, discovered in Madeira Island in 2004, is described as Oedosphenella bob sp. n. This genus is redefined and a key to the known species is provided. Comparative morphological analysis revealed that Bevismyia basuto Munro 1957 from Malawi should be included in the genus Oedosphenella. Therefore, we consider the genus name Oedosphenella Frey 1936 to be a senior synonym of Bevismyia Munro 1957 syn.n.
- Drivers of Insect Community Change along the Margins of Mountain Streams in Serra da Estrela Natural Park (Portugal)Publication . Ceia-Hasse, Ana; Boieiro, Mário; Soares, Albano; Antunes, Sandra; Figueiredo, Hugo; Rego, Carla; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Conde, José; Serrano, Artur R. M.Mountain ecosystems are important biodiversity hotspots and valuable natural laboratories to study community assembly processes. Here, we analyze the diversity patterns of butterflies and odonates in a mountainous area of high conservation value—Serra da Estrela Natural Park (Portugal)—and we assess the drivers of community change for each of the two insect groups. The butterflies and odonates were sampled along 150 m transects near the margins of three mountain streams, at three elevation levels (500, 1000, and 1500 m). We found no significant differences in odonate species richness between elevations, but marginal differences (p = 0.058) were found for butterflies due to the lower number of species at high altitudes. Both insect groups showed significant differences in beta diversity (βtotal) between elevations, with species richness differences being the most important component for odonates (βrich = 55.2%), while species replacement drove the changes between butterfly assemblages (βrepl = 60.3%). Climatic factors, particularly those depicting harsher conditions of temperature and precipitation, were the best predictors of total beta diversity (βtotal) and its components (βrich, βrepl) for the two study groups. The study of insect biodiversity patterns in mountain ecosystems and of the role played by different predictors contribute to further our understanding on the community assembly processes and may help to better predict environmental change impacts on mountain biodiversity.
- Habitat filtering and inferred dispersal ability condition across‐scale species turnover and rarity in Macaronesian island spider assemblagesPublication . Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba; Rigal, François; Girardello, Marco; Cardoso, Pedro; Crespo, Luís C.; Amorim, Isabel R.; Arnedo, Miquel A.; Boieiro, Mário; Carvalho, José Carlos; Carvalho, Rui; Gabriel, Rosalina; Lamelas-López, Lucas; López, Heriberto; Paulo, Octávio S.; Pereira, Fernando; Pérez‐Delgado, Antonio J.; Rego, Carla; Romeiras, Maria M.; Ros-Prieto, Alejandra; Oromí, Pedro; Vieira, Ana; Emerson, Brent C.; Borges, Paulo A. V.AIM: Habitat diversity has been linked to the diversity and structure of island communities, however, little is known about patterns and processes within habitats. Here we aim to determine the contributions of habitat type and inferred dispersal frequency to the differences in taxonomic structure between assemblages in the same island habitat. LOCATION: The Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cabo Verde). TAXON: Spiders (Araneae). METHODS: We established forest and dry habitat sites (each with five plots) on two islands per archipelago. We collected spiders using standardised sampling protocols. We tested the differences in beta diversity separately for each habitat and for each inferred category of ballooning (an aerial dispersal strategy) frequency across geographic scales through nested non-parametric permutational multivariate analyses of variance. We then tested whether ballooning and habitat influenced heterogeneity in species composition (dispersion in beta diversity) in the two habitat types. We analysed the effects of habitat and ballooning on species abundance distribution (SAD) and rarity by fitting Gambin models and evaluating the contribution of ballooning categories to SAD. RESULTS: Communities of the same archipelago and habitat were taxonomically more similar, and beta diversity increased with geographic scale, being greater in dry habitats. There was greater species replacement among assemblages in dry habitats than in forests, with greater differences for rare ballooners. There were no differences in SAD between habitats although dry habitat sites seemed to harbour more species with low abundances (rare species) than forests. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Habitat type does not only condition the differences between spider assemblages of the same habitat but also the scale at which they occur. These differences may be determined by the heterogeneity in the physical structure of each habitat as well as how much this structure facilitates aerial dispersal (ballooning), and should be considered in theories/hypotheses on island community assembly as well as in conservation strategies.
- Pollen morphology of the endemic genera of the Madeira archipelago, PortugalPublication . Esposito, Fabiana; Morgado, L.N.; Nunes, Telmo; Rego, Carla José Azevedo; Fernandes, Francisco; Boieiro, MárioABSTRACT: This study presents the first palynological characterisation of the five endemic plant genera of the Madeira archipelago: Chamaemeles Lindl, Melanoselinum Hoffm., Monizia Lowe, Musschia Dumort and Sinapidendron Lowe. Pollen grain morphology of ten endemic species was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The size and shape of pollen grains, the polar axis, the equatorial diameter, and the exine ornamentation were measured and described. We found that the pollen grains of the five endemic genera are all medium-size monads. The close relative apiaceous Melanoselinum and Monizia differ in polar (P) and equatorial (E) diameter size and exine ornamentation while Sinapidendron species show differences in P, E, and P/E ratios. The pollen grains of the two Musschia species are very similar to each other, but differ in morphology and ornamentation from the Macaronesian endemic bellflowers Azorina vidalii and Canarina canariensis. This study unveiled differences between the endemic taxa and with their close related species, thus providing support to previous taxonomic findings.
- New findings of terrestrial arthropods from the Azorean IslandsPublication . Boieiro, Mário; Varga-Szilay, Zsófia; Costa, Ricardo; Crespo, Luis; Leite, Abrão; Oliveira, Raúl; Pozsgai, Gabor; Rego, Carla; Calado, Hugo; Teixeira, Mário; Lopes, David; Soares, António; Borges, Paulo A. V.The knowledge on taxonomic diversity of arthropods is key to better understanding the biodiversity patterns and processes and guiding sustainable conservation strategies and practices. In the Azores, terrestrial arthropods are relatively well-inventoried following the publication of comprehensive checklists that have been regularly updated. Nevertheless, every year, new species are found as a result of new arrivals to the Archipelago and from addressing specific taxonomic lacunae. Here, we update the taxonomic terrestrial arthropod biodiversity of the Azores by reporting for the first time 13 species for the Archipelago, namely Oligonychus perseae Tuttle, Baker & Abbatiello, 1976, Textrix pinicola Simon, 1875, Pholcomma gibbum (Westring, 1851), Schistocerca gregaria (Forsskål, 1775), Phoracantha recurva Newman, 1840, Diachus auratus Fabricius, 1801 Phyllotreta procera (Redtenbacher, 1849), Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius, 1803), Dibolia occultans (Koch, 1803), Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart, 1839), Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758), Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 and Ectemnius cephalotes (Olivier, 1792), and several new species records for specific islands. These species benefitted from the increase in transportation of goods and commodities, both from outside the Archipelago and between islands, to arrive and spread across the Archipelago with some of them posing new challenges to local agriculture, forestry and biodiversity conservation management.
- Base de datos de abejas ibéricasPublication . Bartomeus, Ignasi; Lanuza, Jose B.; Wood, Thomas J.; Carvalheiro, Luisa; Molina, Francisco P.; Collado, Miguel Ángel; Aguado-Martín, Luis Oscar; Alomar, David; Álvarez-Fidalgo, Marián; Álvarez Fidalgo, Piluca; Arista, Montserrat; Arroyo-Correa, Blanca; Asís, Josep D.; Azpiazu, Celeste; Baños-Picón, Laura; Beja, Pedro; Boieiro, Mário; Borges, Paulo A. V.; González Bornay, Guillermo; Carvalho, Rafael; Casimiro-Soriguer, Ramón; Castro, Silvia; Costa, Joana; Cross, Ian; De la Rúa, Pilar; de Pablos, Luis MIguel; de Paz, Víctor; Díaz-Calafat, Joan; Ferrero, Victoria; Gaspar, Hugo; Ghisbain, Guillaume; Gómez, José María; Gómez-Martínez, Carmelo; González-Estévez, Miguel Ángel; Heleno, Ruben; Herrera, Jose M.; Hormaza, Jose I.; Iriondo, Jose M.; Kuhlmann, Michael; Laiolo, Paola; Lara-Romero, Carlos; Lázaro, Amparo; López-Angulo, Jesús; López-Núñez, Francisco A.; Loureiro, João; Magrach, Ainhoa; Martínez-López, Vicente; Martínez-Núñez, Carlos; Michez, Denis; Miñarro, Marcos; Montero-Castaño, Ana; Moreira, Bruno; Morente-López, Javier; Noval Fonseca, Nacho; Núñez Carbajal, Alejandro; Obeso, José Ramón; Ornosa, Concepción; Ortiz-Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Pareja Bonilla, Daniel; Patiny, Sébastien; Penado, Andreia; Picanço, Ana; Ploquin, Emilie F.; Rego, Carla; Rey, Pedro J.; Ribas-Marquès, Elisa; Roberts, Stuart P.M.; Rodriguez, Marta; Rosas-Ramos, Natalia; Sánchez, Ana M.; Santamaría, Silvia; Tobajas, Estefanía; Tormos, José; Torres, Félix; Trillo, Alejandro; Valverde, Javier; Vilà, Montserrat; Viñuela, Elisa; Rasmont, PierreLas abejas son un grupo extremadamente diverso con más de 1000 especies descritas en la península ibérica. Además, son excelentes polinizadores y aportan numerosos servicios ecosistémicos fundamentales para la mayoría de ecosistemas terrestres. Debido a los diversos cambios ambientales inducidos por el ser humano, existen evidencias del declive de algunas de sus poblaciones para ciertas especies. Sin embargo, conocemos muy poco del estado de conservación de la mayoría de especies y de muchas de ellas ignoramos cuál es su distribución en la península ibérica. En este trabajo presentamos un esfuerzo colaborativo para crear una base de datos de ocurrencias de abejas que abarca la península ibérica e islas Baleares que permitirá resolver cuestiones como la distribución de las diferentes especies, preferencia de hábitat, fenología o tendencias históricas. En su versión actual, esta base de datos contiene un total de 87 684 registros de 923 especies recolectados entre 1830 y 2022, de los cuales un 87% presentan información georreferenciada. Para cada registro se incluye información relativa a la localidad de muestreo (89%), identificador y colector de la especie (64%), fecha de captura (54%) y planta donde se recolectó (20%). Creemos que esta base de datos es el punto de partida para conocer y conservar mejor la biodiversidad de abejas en la península ibérica e Islas Baleares. Se puede acceder a estos datos a través del siguiente enlace permanente: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354502