ARQ - LMS - Número 33
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Artigos publicados no Número 33 - 2016
CONTENTS:
GOMES-PEREIRA, J.N., J.M. GONÇALVES & M.R. CLARKE - Cephalopod identification keys to Histioteuthidae, Cranchiidae and Octopodiformes of the Azores, with an updated check-list.REGO, C., A.F. AGUIAR, D. CRAVO, M. BOIEIRO, I. SILVA, C. PRADO e CASTRO, D. MENEZES & A.R.M. SERRANO - New data on the fruit flies (Drosophilidae) of Madeira archipelago with notes on the ecology of the endemic Drosophila madeirensis Monclús.
COELHO, M.C.M., R.B. ELIAS, J. KLUGE, F. PEREIRA, D.S.G. HENRIQUES, S.C. ARANDA, P.A.V. BORGES, C. AH-PENG & R. GABRIEL - Long–term monitoring across elevational gradients (II): vascular plants on Pico Island (Azores) transect.
DINIS, A., A. CARVALHO, F. ALVES, C. NICOLAU, C. RIBEIRO, M. KAUFMANN, A. CAÑADAS & L. FREITAS - Spatial and temporal distribution of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in the Madeira archipelago, NE Atlantic.
XAVIER, E.D., A.I. NETO, A. REIS & J.M.N. AZEVEDO - Scoping the potencial for outdoor microalgae production in the Azores.
BROWN, J., K. DOWNES, R.J. MROWICKI, E.L. NOLAN, A.J. RICHARDSON, F. SWINNEN & P. WIRTZ - New records of marine invertebrates from Ascencion Island (Central Atlantic).
CORREIA, J., F. MORGADO, K. ERZINI & A.M.V.M. SOARES - Elasmobranch landings in the Portuguese commercial fishery from 1986 to 2009
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- Cephalopod identification keys to Histioteuthidae, Cranchiidae and Octopodiformes of the Azores, with an updated check-listPublication . Gomes-Pereira, José N.; Gonçalves, João M.; Clarke, M. R.This work is a combination of unpublished cephalopod identification keys compiled by Malcolm R. Clarke for the Azores region (Central North Atlantic) and a review of the Octopoda of the Azores by João Gonçalves (MSc Thesis 1993, originally written in Portuguese), updated with recent literature. A regional list of cephalopod species of the Azores is provided totaling 83 species, with identification keys for: i) Histioteuthidae, including five species; ii) Cranchiidae, including eleven species; and iii) Octopodiformes, including Vampyroteuthis infernalis Chun, 1903 (Order Vampyromorpha), three cirrate and fourteen incirrate octopuses. Separate keys are given for Octopodiformes species. The revisions are discussed and a more detailed description of Octopoda species is included.
- New data on the fruit flies (Drosophilidae) of Madeira archipelago with notes on the ecology of the endemic Drosophila madeirensis MonclúsPublication . Rego, Carla; Aguiar, António F.; Cravo, Délia; Boieiro, Mário; Silva, Isamberto; Castro, Catarina P.; Menezes, Dilia; Serrano, Artur R. M.The first findings of drosophilids from Desertas and Porto Santo islands (Madeira archipelago) are reported and the knowledge on the abundance and distribution of the endemic Drosophila madeirensis Monclús is updated. This Madeiran endemic was found associated with forest habitats, but was not exclusive of Laurisilva. Furthermore, the finding of widespread populations with moderate abundance indicates that presently this species is not endangered. Finally, we provide an updated checklist of the family Drosophilidae occurring in the Madeira archipelago.
- Long-term monitoring across elevational gradients (II) : vascular plants on Pico Island (Azores) transectPublication . Coelho, Márcia Catarina Mendes; Elias, Rui B.; Kluge, Jürgen; Pereira, Fernando E. A.; Henriques, Débora; Aranda, Silvia C.; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Ah-Peng, Claudine; Gabriel, RosalinaPico Island remains one of the last remnants of natural vegetation in the Azores, including the largest natural protected area; nevertheless, habitat change and the spread of exotic plants are visible, especially in those areas where human presence prevails. Currently, the lowlands are vastly occupied by pastures dominated by exotic herbs/grasses and most forests are dominated by Pittosporum undulatum. This paper aims to: i) review previous botanical studies related to elevational gradients; ii) investigate vascular plants composition and abundance in native vegetation, following an elevational transect (from 10 to 2200 m); and iii) investigate some patterns of the recorded diversity and distribution of vascular plants. Methodology follows a standardized protocol with observations in 100 m2 plots. A total of 88 species were recorded, representing 35% of the indigenous but only 5% of the exotic species previously known from Pico. The richest areas were found between 600 and 1000 m and the areas with the lowest proportion of indigenous species occurred between 1800 and 2200 m. The recorded composition and richness values of endemic and native vascular plants support the high ecological and conservation value of the studied areas and constitute a good basis for long-term monitoring projects.
- Spatial and temporal distribution of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in the Madeira archipelago, NE AtlanticPublication . Dinis, Ana; Carvalho, A.; Alves, Filipe M. A.; Nicolau, Cátia; Ribeiro, Cláudia; Kaufmann, Manfred; Cañadas, A.; Freitas, LuísOne of the first steps in understanding the relationships between populations and their habitats is to determine which areas they use with higher frequency. This study used systematic and non-systematic survey data from 2001-2002 and 2004-2012 to determine encounter rates and investigate temporal and spatial distribution of bottlenose dolphins around Madeira, Desertas and Porto Santo islands. A total 24,914 km of search effort was carried out and 199 sightings were recorded. Highest encounter rates were found off the east coast of Madeira and off Porto Santo. Moreover, higher encounter rates occurred over bathymetries ranging between 500-1,000 m during systematic surveys whereas in nonsystematic surveys relative high encounter rates were found in depths of 2,000-2,500m. Most dolphins were found to be distributed in depths <1,000m and at no more than 10 km offshore indicating a preference for shallower waters. Dolphins were sighted during the whole year and there were no significant differences in encounter rate between months. These results suggest the existence of preferential areas for this species based on static bathymetric features. The fact that the dolphins prefer inshore areas that are more exposed to anthropogenic activities should be taken into account when discussing bottlenose dolphin conservation measures in the Madeira archipelago.
- Scoping the potencial for outdoor microalgae production in the AzoresPublication . Xavier, Emanuel D.; Neto, Ana I.; Reis, Alberto; Azevedo, José M. N.Microalgae cultivation has received much attention due to some desirable characteristics such as fast growth rates, high photosynthetic efficiencies and the production of valuable biochemicals. Mass cultivation of microalgae for commercial purposes is already a reality in some locations being an activity with approximately 45 years. The Azores archipelago, located in the North Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Portugal, features a temperate climate. To evaluate the feasibility of local outdoor microalgae production, certain fundamental factors must be analysed. In this study water, light, temperature, carbon sources, nutrients, international outlook and regional context were analyzed from the perspective of a local outdoor commercial microalgae production. A SWOT analysis was applied to the analysed factors to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The results nominate the Azores as a promising location to implement an outdoor production of valueadded products from microalgae.
- New records of marine invertebrates from Ascencion Island (Central Atlantic)Publication . Brown, Judith; Downes, K.; Mrowicki, R. J.; Nolan, E. L.; Richardson, Andrew J.; Swinnen, Frank; Wirtz, PeterThe sea anemone Telmatactis forskalii, the zoanthid Isaurus tuberculatus, the nemertine Baseodiscus delineatus, the echinoderms Ophiocoma wendtii and Mithrodia clavigera, the molluscs Colubraria canariensis, Glyphepithema turtoni, Tonna pennata, Trivia candidula, Melanella eburnea, Melanella n.sp., Echineulima leucophaes, Stylocheilus striatus, Limaria hians, Pteria hirundo and Callistoctopus macropus, and the crustaceans Tetraclitella sp., Oxynaspis celata, Thor amboinensis and Parribacus antarcticus are recorded from Ascension Island for the first time. A new depth record is given for the sea anemone Telmatactis cricoides. An undescribed shrimp species of the genus Lysmata and the shrimp Lysmata moorei were observed to clean fish at night.
- Elasmobranch landings in the Portuguese commercial fishery from 1986 to 2009Publication . Correia, João P.; Morgado, Fernando; Erzini, Karim; Soares, Amadeu M. V. M.Portuguese commercial Elasmobranch landings were analysed for the period 1986 – 2009 and revealed that some species may be in danger of overfishing. Landings totalled 122,515 mt, with an average of 5,105 mt landed yearly, with captured sharks, skates and rays representing 8 orders, 14 families and 44 species. Annual landings for the fishery generally decreased over time, with a corresponding increase in price per kilogram. The most landed group, skates (Raja sp.), accounted for 33% of the landings, or 40,344 mt. They were followed by lesser spotted catsharks (Scyliorhinus sp.), Portuguese dogfish (Centroscymnus coelolepis), leafscale gulper sharks (Centrophorus squamosus), blue sharks (Prionace glauca) and gulper sharks (Centrophorus granulosus) (accounting for 12%, 11%, 10%, 9% and 8% of the landings, respectively). In the absence of CPUE data, comparative trends of landings and price over time were used as an indicator of the status of specific Elasmobranch species. Centrophorus granulosus, smoothounds (Mustelus sp.), torpedo rays (Torpedo sp.), requiem sharks (Carcharhinus sp.) and angel sharks (Squatina sp.) displayed indications of possible over-exploitation, with significantly decreasing landings and increasing prices over time, and merit the focus of future research. The pattern shown by fishing effort over time (i.e. number of fishing vessels over time) displayed a marked decrease, although this was substantially less than the decrease shown by landings of the species mentioned earlier. It is therefore unlikely that such a decrease in landings is justified solely by a decrease in number of fishing vessels. Similarly, the increase in price shown for all species was largely superior to the increase in inflation, which would suggest that the increase in inflation alone would not account for the increase in price. All results and data corroborate the notion that some species are, in fact, over-exploited and in need of immediate management and conservation measurements. These findings were substantiated by min/max auto-correlation factor analysis (MAFA), which shows that the most important trend is that of a decrease in landings of those species where overfishing in indicated.