DBIO - Artigos em Revistas Internacionais / Articles in International Journals
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- Abundance of Epiphyas postvittana (Walker, 1863) in forestry nurseries of São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)Publication . Oliveira, Luísa; Vieira, Virgilio; Soares, António O.; Borges, Isabel; Arruda, Patrícia Melo; Tavares, JoãoEpiphyas postvittana (Walker, 1863) is an invasive polyphagous pest for the Azores and its bioecology and the potential natural enemies were unknown. We evaluated the temporal profile of this species larval abundance and the number of males captured in sex pheromone traps, hypothesizing that both profiles were similar. The study was carried out on seven endemic host plants and one native species grown in two forest nurseries (Furnas and Nordeste) in São Miguel Island over two years from 2018 to 2019. A total of 827 plants attacked by E. postvittana were observed in Furnas nursery (2018: 503, 2019: 324) and 1227 in the Nordeste (2018: 649, 2019: 578), including the presence of 525 larvae distributed by the Furnas (2018: 178, 2019: 79) and from the Nordeste (2018: 131, 2019: 137). In 2019, the average weekly number of males captured in the sex pheromone traps (total 31 weeks) were higher in Furnas (mean ± SE: 9.68 ± 1.982) than in Nordeste (3.33 ± 0.651). In synthesis, (i) the population density varied throughout the year and as a function of the host plant species in production; (ii) the abundance profile of larval and adults suggests has at least three to four generations per year and that adults are active year-round, experiencing some delayed development during the winter; (iii) a low larval density does not represent very serious damage to Azorean endemic plants, but is reflected in the population density of its natural enemies; (iv) some biological control agents are present in the field, parasitizing the larvae (i.e., Braconidae species of Meteorus ictericus (Nees, 1811) and Microgaster opheltes Nixon, 1968); (v) finally, the knowledge of the population dynamics and its natural enemies needs further and long-term study.
- Abundance, age-structure and growth and reproduction of gobies (Pisces, Gobiidae) in the Ria de Aveiro Lagoon (Portugal)Publication . Arruda, Luís M.; Azevedo, José M. N.; Neto, Ana I.Biological data concerning the abundance, age, growth and reproduction of seven species of gobies in the Ria de Aveiro lagoon (Portugal) are presented and discussed. The seasonal changes in species abundance are ascribed either to recruitment and mortality or to sporadic occurrence. Gobius niger, Pomatoschistus minutus and P. microps are included in the first case, and P. pictus, P. lozanoi, Aphia minuta and G. paganellus in the second. Only G. niger and G. paganellus were found to live more than 1 year. Growth took place all year round, although it was slow in winter. There is an indication that temperature influenced the start of growth in spring. Almost all the species (except G. paganellus and P. lozanoi) were found to spawn inside the lagoon. Spawning seasons were found to be shorter for G. niger and A. minuta (summer only) than for species of Pomatoschistus (with reproductive periods in winter and summer).
- Additions to the Marine Algal (Seaweed) Flora of the Azores.Publication . Tittley, Ian; Neto, Ana I.; Farnham, William F.; Parente, Manuela I.Ten species of benthic marine algae, new distribution records for the Azores achipelago, are itemised; two other species records (Heterosiphonia crispella and Laminaria ochroleuca) are confirmed for the islands. Six species (Bryopsis pennata, Cottoniella filamentosa, Dasya baillouviana, Feldmannia paradoxa, Heterosiphonia crispella and Lomentaria clavellosa) show an amphi-Atlantic distribution pattern; four (Bonnemaisonia asparagoides, Laminaria ochroleuca, Pterosphonia ardreana and Stylonema cornu-cervi) show a European-African-Mediterranean distribution pattern. The occurrence of Dudresnaya crassa, a western Atlantic warm-water species, represents an extension of its known distributional range to the east. An Ahnfeltiopsis was found which resembled A. intermedia, a species that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean to the south of the Azores.
- Age and growth of the grey mullets (Pisces, Mugilidae) in the Ria de Aveiro (Portugal)Publication . Arruda, Luís M.; Azevedo, José M. N.; Neto, Ana I.EDAD Y CRECiMIENTO DE LOS MUGILiDOS (PISCES, Mugilidae) DE LA RÍA DE AVEIRO, PORTUGAL. Se estudiaron la abundancia relativa y el índice de crecimiento, tanto en relación a tamaño como a peso, de los mugílidos de la ría de Aveiro. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que, normalmente y durante todo el ano, L. aurata era la especie dominante en cada una de las zonas de muestreo. La migración de los mugílidos jóvenes, desde la zona litoral hasta la laguna, ocurría durante los meses de septiembre a noviembre. Por otra parte, los índices de crecimiento registraron un período de rápido desarrollo durante primavera y verano, que fue disminuyendo o cesó completamente en el transcurso de los cinco o seis meses siguientes. Hay indicios de que la temperatura es un factor importante en la fase inicial del desarrollo.
- Age and growth, reproduction and diet of a sublittoral population of the rock goby Gobius paganellus (Teleostei, Gobiidae)Publication . Azevedo, José M. N.; Simas, Ana M. V.Basic biological information for a sublittoral population of the rock goby Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758 is presented based on a 2-year study involving 1680 specimens. The length-weight relationship was given by TW = 0.0089 * TL^3,163 (where TW= total weight in g; TL= total length in mm). Age at length data were inferred by modal analysis of the monthly length-frequency distributions. The parameters of the fitted Von Bertalanffy growth equation (with seasonal component, birth date on the 1st of January) were L1 = 13.8 cm; K = 0.73 yr^-1; to = -0.22 yr; C = 0.95; W = 0.07. This growth rate is much higher than that described for northern Europe populations (where K is about 0.3 yr^-1) and is probably associated with a shorter life span. Macroscopic examination of the gonads, and analysis of the monthly values of the gonadosomatic index, indicated that reproduction occurs in winter and early spring, with a maximum in February and March, when water temperatures are lowest. Individuals become sexually mature around 6-7 cm TL, a size that can be reached in less than 1 year. By contrast, individuals of this goby in the British Isles mature in their second or third year. Stomach contents were mainly small benthic invertebrates, predominantly crustaceans.
- Age and growth, reproduction and diet of the red blenny Parablennius ruber (Blenniidae)Publication . Azevedo, José M. N.; Homem, NídiaBasic biological information for a sublittoral population of the red blenny Parablennius ruber is presented based on a two-year study involving 2350 specimens. The length-weight relationship was given by TW = 0.011 x TL2.963 (where TW = total weight, in g; TL = total length, in cm). Age at length data was inferred by modal analysis of the monthly length-frequency distributions. The parameters of the fitted von Bertalanffy growth equation (with seasonal component, birth date on February, 15th) were L∞ = 13.22 cm; K = 0.62 year-1; to = -0.39 year; C = 0.68; WP = 0.97. Macroscopic examination of the gonads, and analysis of the monthly values of the gonadosomatic index, indicated that reproduction occurs in winter, with a maximum in February and March, when water temperatures are low. Individuals become sexually mature around 6 cm TL, a size that can be reached in less than one year. Stomach contents suggest an omnivorous diet mainly composed of scrapped filamentous algae and associated invertebrates.
- Air Quality at Ponta Delgada City (Azores) Is Unaffected so Far by Growing Cruise Ship Transit in Recent YearsPublication . Bernardo, Filipe; Garcia, Patrícia; Rodrigues, ArmindoThe ease of travel allowed by contemporary means of long-range transportation has brought increasingly higher numbers of visitors to remote and relatively undisturbed insular territories. In a framework of environmental conservation of the natural patrimony, sustainably accommodating touristic flooding and the associated polluting footprint poses a demanding challenge. Over the past decade, Ponta Delgada, the largest city of the mid-Atlantic Azores archipelago, has become a hotspot for transatlantic cruise ship (CS) lines in spring and autumn. CSs are substantial contributors to the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), as well as hazardous sulphur (SOx) and nitrogen (NOx) oxides. It is hereby retrospectively investigated whether the background levels of air pollutants were raised following the CS influx at Ponta Delgada, which conventionally displays great air quality. The daily CS traffic at the local harbor was associated with the daily concentrations of air pollutants (SO₂, O₃, NO₂, NOx, PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅), monitored by the local urban background monitoring station (~1.3 km northwards). Exceedances above daily legislated limits from 2013 until 2020 only occurred sporadically for PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅, often during episodes of natural dust storms. No major correlation was found between CS parameters with the recorded values of pollutants, although a noticeable signal of NOx increase of southern origin is observed during spring days with CS presence. Daily data suggest CS influx has not strongly influenced background air quality. A near-source, real-time monitoring network should be implemented in the city to provide the necessary spatial and temporal resolution for tracking short-term fluctuations in air pollutants during CS arrivals and departures.
- Algae as Food in Europe : An Overview of Species Diversity and Their ApplicationPublication . Mendes, Madalena C.; Navalho, Sofia; Ferreira, Alice; Paulino, Cristina; Figueiredo, Daniel; Silva, Daniel; Gao, Fengzheng; Gama, Florinda; Bombo, Gabriel; Jacinto, Rita; Aveiro, Susana S.; Schulze, Peter S. C.; Gonçalves, Ana Teresa; Pereira, Hugo; Gouveia, Luisa; Patarra, Rita F.; Abreu, Maria H.; Silva, Joana L.; Navalho, João; Varela, João C. S.; Speranza, Lais G.Algae have been consumed for millennia in several parts of the world as food, food supplements, and additives, due to their unique organoleptic properties and nutritional and health benefits. Algae are sustainable sources of proteins, minerals, and fiber, with well-balanced essential amino acids, pigments, and fatty acids, among other relevant metabolites for human nutrition. This review covers the historical consumption of algae in Europe, developments in the current European market, challenges when introducing new species to the market, bottlenecks in production technology, consumer acceptance, and legislation. The current algae species that are consumed and commercialized in Europe were investigated, according to their status under the European Union (EU) Novel Food legislation, along with the market perspectives in terms of the current research and development initiatives, while evaluating the interest and potential in the European market. The regular consumption of more than 150 algae species was identified, of which only 20% are approved under the EU Novel Food legislation, which demonstrates that the current legislation is not broad enough and requires an urgent update. Finally, the potential of the European algae market growth was indicated by the analysis of the trends in research, technological advances, and market initiatives to promote algae commercialization and consumption.
- Algae-based biotopes of the Azores (Portugal): spatial and seasonal variation.Publication . Wallenstein, Francisco; Neto, Ana I.; Álvaro, Nuno V.; Santos, Catarina I.The increasing importance of coastal management created the need for a systematic classification and characterization of marine communities. Accurate quantitative methodologies for rocky shore algae-based biotope definition, were developed and tested on the Islands of São Miguel and Santa Maria (Azores). Shores of both islands were surveyed, covering all rocky substrate types. Biotopes were defined by assessing the associated habitat and species characteristics, using ANOSIM and SIMPER analysis, respectively. A total of ten biotopes were identified. Generally both islands’ biotopes are characterized by the same taxa/ecological categories, in summer and in winter. However, association between these taxa/ecological categories and the shore height at which they occur differs geographically and temporally. There is a generalized gradual succession of taxa/ecological categories from upper intertidal down to deepest subtidal, although geographical differences occur. Diversity is highest at the land–water interface and decreases towards both extremes (upper intertidal and deepest subtidal level). The strongest evidence of seasonal variation occurs at the upper intertidal. The methodology used proves to be effective in broad scale shoreline assessment of biological communities in warm-temperate coastal marine environments, and thus suitable for the purpose it was developed for. As a consequence it should be applied to the remaining islands of the Azorean archipelago as well as to other macaronesian islands, e.g. Madeira and the Canaries.
- Allocation of nutrients during the reproductive cycle of Ophidiaster ophidianus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)Publication . Micael, Joana; Rodrigues, Armindo; Barreto, Maria do Carmo; Alves, Maria J.; Malcolm, Jones; Costa, Ana C.The reproductive cycle of Ophidiaster ophidianus (strictly protected status) from Sa˜o Miguel Island, in the Azorean Archipelago was studied. The reproductive strategy; the energy allocation of each sex during the reproductive cycle and the nutritional condition of the population were analyzed. Gonadal index (GI) showed a clear seasonal pattern with spawning between August and October but histological examination revealed that gamete release can occur throughout the entire year. The pyloric caeca index (PCI) showed little annual variation but with an inverse relationship with the GI. Allocation of energy to the gonads and to the pyloric caeca reflected the seasonal reproductive strategy of this species. Individuals were able to simultaneously develop gonads, pyloric caeca, and quickly regenerate lost arms. There was a major expenditure of energy by females compared to males but, sexual size dimorphism was not observed. The reproductive pattern observed in O. ophidianus combining rich food availability and seawater temperatures characteristic of a temperate zone may be the key to the success of this species in the Azorean oceanic Island.