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- Alienation in organizations : implications for educational administrationPublication . Alves, Mariano TeixeiraThe concept of alienation has a long past in the history of ideas. It has been dealt with in the works some great writers of the past. Alienation has influenced philosophers during different eras and it is best known after Marx's theories. Since Marx, the «anthological-ethical» and the «psychological-sociological» views of alienation have gained wide acceptance. With Marx, the theories of alienation have been built upon certain assumptions and concepts about human nature and the relationship between man and society (Israel, 1971: 11). Marx's analysis of alienation comprise three aspects: religious, political and economic. He indicated that economic alienation is the most basic and is rooted in the alienation from labour. This paper looks at alienation in organizations, traces its sources and deals with its various dimensions and effects. For the purpose of this paper alienation is defined as «… an estrangement or separation between parts or the whole of the personality and significant aspects of the world of experience …» (Kurt Lang, 1964: 19).