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- Progress in the European periphery: an impracticable theory in 19th century Azores?Publication . Costa, Susana GoulartThe paper examines the projects for economic, social and cultural progress developed in the Azores during the nineteenth century, with particular emphasis on the second half of the century. Drawing on liberal ideals and European models adopted by the Azorean elites, it explores initiatives aimed at agricultural modernisation, the expansion of commercial networks, investment in port and transport infrastructure, and the promotion of education, the arts and associative life. It also analyses the structural constraints that limited the implementation of these projects, particularly political and financial dependence on Lisbon, crises in the agricultural and commercial sectors, and inequalities between the islands. The demand for administrative autonomy, partially achieved in 1895, emerged as a response to the constraints imposed by the centralisation of power. The study concludes that progress in the Azores remained conditioned by limited resources and the concentration of benefits in the hands of a minority, highlighting the gap between the ideals of modernisation and the actual conditions for development in the island periphery.