Browsing by Author "Pereira, Ana Telma"
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- Assessing delusional ideation : a narrative review of self-report instrumentsPublication . Martins, Maria J.; Castilho, Paula; Carvalho, Célia; Pereira, Ana Telma; Tróia, Filipa; Matos, Ondina; Santos, Prazeres; Santos, Tiago; Macedo, AntónioAs perspetivas dos pacientes acerca das suas próprias dificuldades, sintomas e objetivos (relacionados com a sua saúde e outras áreas) são de extrema importância para as intervenções, principalmente tendo em conta modelos recentes baseados na recuperação (no original recovery) das perturbações psicóticas. Cada vez mais os instrumentos de autorresposta têm sido estudados, sendo que vários autores têm defendido a sua validade, fiabilidade e utilidade clínica para pessoas com o diagnóstico de uma perturbação psicótica. Este estudo teve como objetivo rever e analisar de forma crítica os instrumentos de autorresposta existentes para a avaliação da ideação delirante. Quatro instrumentos preencheram os critérios de inclusão: a escala de características dos delírios (Characteristics of Delusions Rating Scale), a escala de avaliação das crenças (Beliefs Rating Scale), o inventário de delírios de Peters (Peters Delusions Inventory) e a escala de convicção nas ideias delirantes (Conviction of Delusional Beliefs Scale). Todas as escalas avaliam as ideias delirantes de uma perspetiva multidimensional e todas apresentam propriedades psicométricas adequadas. No entanto elevada variablidade foi encontrada entre os estudos. O refinar dos estudos psicométricos destes instrumentos (principalmente o investimento em análises de estrutura factorial, fiabilidade e acuidade diagnóstica) e o desenvolvimento de novos instrumentos focados no coping com os delírios são áreas de investigação de interesse para o futuro.
- The Clinical Interview for Psychotic Disorders (CIPD) : development and expert evaluationPublication . Martins, Maria J.; Carvalho, Célia; Castilho, Paula; Pereira, Ana Telma; Macedo, AntónioBackground: New treatment approaches for psychosis indicate that effective interventions require a therapeutic focus on emotional regulation, cognitive appraisals, and functioning. Efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions’ evaluation has changed from exclusively assessing symptom frequency/severity to a comprehensive and functional assessment of interference, functioning, and the relationship people have with symptoms. This shift led to new needs in clinical assessment. This study aimed to develop and submit to expert evaluation a new clinical interview for psychotic disorders which considers the new needs of the field. Methods: CIPD was developed by a multidisciplinary team considering the DSM-5 criteria for psychotic and affective disorders. Relevant information was retrieved from leading research in the area of assessment and evaluation of interventions in psychosis. An expert panel of recognized professionals in the main areas of mental health evaluated each question of the interview (5-point Likert scale) regarding pertinence and clarity. Results: A detailed description of CIPD is presented. Results from the experts’ evaluation showed that, overall, the CIPD questions were evaluated as pertinent and clear for the target population. Conclusion: CIPD assesses both diagnosis or presence of psychotic symptoms and symptoms’ psychosocial correlates. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy may benefit from CIPD since it may detect subtle changes caused by intervention and changes in areas other than symptom reduction.
- Compassion-focused therapy for psychosis : presentation of a clinical trialPublication . Martins, Maria J.; Castilho, Paula; Carvalho, Célia; Pereira, Ana Telma; Macedo, AntónioCompassion-focused Therapy (CFT) derives from an evolutionary approach linked to neuroscience and social psychology and was specifically developed for complex disorders in which high levels of shame and self-criticism have a key role. This approach’s main objective is using the Compassionate Mind Training to help people establish compassion-based relationships, deactivating the threat-defense system and developing the soothing system. CFT has shown positive effects on several clinical conditions. It is consensual the importance of psychosocial interventions in the treatment of schizophrenia and this has been an area of significant investment, namely concerning evaluation of efficacy. It has been argued that intervention programs should focus primarily in disease management, change of the underlying mechanisms and adequacy of coping strategies. In psychosis shame and self-criticism have been advocated as a psychological factors increasing vulnerability to relapse which makes CFT especially suitable for this population. The Compassion-Focused Therapy for Psychosis (CFTp) appears in this context as an innovative intervention. Efficacy studies have been emerging with promising results and CFTp seems to address several limitations identified for existing interventions.