Browsing by Author "Deharveng, Louis"
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- Brazilian cave heritage under siegePublication . Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Bernard, Enrico; da Cruz Júnior, Francisco William; Piló, Luis Beethoven; Calux, Allan; Souza-Silva, Marconi; Barlow, Jos; Pompeu, Paulo S.; Cardoso, Pedro; Mammola, Stefano; García, Alejandro Martínez; Jeffery, William R.; Shear, William; Medellín, Rodrigo A.; Wynne, J. Judson; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Kamimura, Yoshitaka; Pipan, Tanja; Hajna, Nadja Zupan; Sendra, Alberto; Peck, Stewart; Onac, Bogdan P.; Culver, David C.; Hoch, Hannelore; Flot, Jean-François; Stoch, Fabio; Pavlek, Martina; Niemiller, Matthew L.; Manchi, Shirish; Deharveng, Louis; Fenolio, Danté; Calaforra, José-María; Yager, Jill; Griebler, Christian; Nader, Fadi Henri; Humphreys, William F.; Hughes, Alice C.; Fenton, Brock; Forti, Paolo; Sauro, Francesco; Veni, George; Frumkin, Amos; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Fišer, Cene; Trontelj, Peter; Zagmajster, Maja; Delic, Teo; Galassi, Diana M. P.; Vaccarelli, Ilaria; Komnenov, Marjan; Gainett, Guilherme; da Cunha Tavares, Valeria; Kováč, Ľubomír; Miller, Ana Z.; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Di Lorenzo, Tiziana; Moldovan, Oana T.; Sánchez-Fernández, David; Moutaouakil, Soumia; Howarth, Francis; Bilandžija, Helena; Dražina, Tvrtko; Kuharić, Nikolina; Butorac, Valerija; Lienhard, Charles; Cooper, Steve J. B.; Eme, David; Strauss, André Menezes; Saccò, Mattia; Zhao, Yahui; Williams, Paul; Tian, Mingyi; Tanalgo, Krizler; Woo, Kyung-Sik; Barjakovic, Miran; McCracken, Gary F.; Simmons, Nancy B; Racey, Paul A.; Ford, Derek; Labegalini, José Ayrton; Colzato, Nivaldo; Ramos Pereira, Maria João; Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S.; Moratelli, Ricardo; Du Preez, Gerhard; Pérez-González, Abel; Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.; Gunn, John; Mc Cartney, Ann; Bobrowiec, Paulo E. D.; Milko, Dmitry; Kinuthia, Wanja; Fischer, Erich; Meierhofer, Melissa B.; Frick, Winifred F
- A conservation roadmap for the subterranean biomePublication . Wynne, J. Judson; Howarth, Francis G.; Mammola, Stefano; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Cardoso, Pedro; Lorenzo, Tiziana Di; Galassi, Diana M. P.; Medellin, Rodrigo A.; Miller, Bruce W.; Sánchez‐Fernández, David; Bichuette, Maria Elina; Biswas, Jayant; BlackEagle, Cory W.; Boonyanusith, Chaichat; Rosário, Isabel Amorim do; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Boston, Penelope J.; Cal, Reynold N.; Cheeptham, Naowarat; Deharveng, Louis; Eme, David; Faille, Arnaud; Fenolio, Danté; Fišer, Cene; Fišer, Žiga; ʻOhukaniʻōhiʻa Gon, Samuel M.; Goudarzi, Forough; Griebler, Christian; Halse, Stuart; Hoch, Hannelore; Kale, Enock; Katz, Aron D.; Kováč, Ľubomír; Lilley, Thomas M.; Manchi, Shirish; Manenti, Raoul; Martínez, Alejandro; Meierhofer, Melissa B.; Miller, Ana Z.; Moldovan, Oana Teodora; Niemiller, Matthew L.; Peck, Stewart B.; Pellegrini, Thais Giovannini; Pipan, Tanja; Phillips‐Lander, Charity M.; Poot, Celso; Racey, Paul A.; Sendra, Alberto; Shear, William A.; Silva, Marconi Souza; Taiti, Stefano; Tian, Mingyi; Venarsky, Michael P.; Pakarati, Sebastián Yancovic; Zagmajster, Maja; Zhao, YahuiThe 15th UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (COP15) will be held in Kunming, China in October 2021. Historically, CBDs and other multilateral treaties have either alluded to or entirely overlooked the subterranean biome. A multilateral effort to robustly examine, monitor, and incorporate the subterranean biome into future conservation targets will enable the CBD to further improve the ecological effectiveness of protected areas by including groundwater resources, subterranean ecosystem services, and the profoundly endemic subsurface biodiversity. To this end, we proffer a conservation roadmap that embodies five conceptual areas: (1) science gaps and data management needs; (2) anthropogenic stressors; (3) socioeconomic analysis and conflict resolution; (4) environmental education; and (5) national policies and multilateral agreements.
- Fundamental research questions in subterranean biologyPublication . Mammola, Stefano; Amorim, Isabel R.; Bichuette, Maria E.; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Cheeptham, Naowarat; Cooper, Steven J. B.; Culver, David C.; Deharveng, Louis; Eme, David; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Fišer, Cene; Fišer, Žiga; Fong, Daniel W.; Griebler, Christian; Jeffery, William R.; Jugovic, Jure; Kowalko, Johanna E.; Lilley, Thomas M.; Malard, Florian; Manenti, Raoul; Martínez, Alejandro; Meierhofer, Melissa B.; Niemiller, Matthew L.; Northup, Diana E.; Pellegrini, Thais G.; Pipan, Tanja; Protas, Meredith; Reboleira, Ana Sofia; Venarsky, Michael P.; Wynne, J. Judson; Zagmajster, Maja; Cardoso, PedroFive decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the 'caves as laboratory' paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into general principles. The contemporary era of big data, modelling tools, and revolutionary advances in genetics and (meta)genomics provides an opportunity to revisit unresolved questions and challenges, as well as examine promising new avenues of research in subterranean biology. Accordingly, we have developed a roadmap to guide future research endeavours in subterranean biology by adapting a well-established methodology of 'horizon scanning' to identify the highest priority research questions across six subject areas. Based on the expert opinion of 30 scientists from around the globe with complementary expertise and of different academic ages, we assembled an initial list of 258 fundamental questions concentrating on macroecology and microbial ecology, adaptation, evolution, and conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 subterranean biologists with various backgrounds assisted us in reducing our list to 50 top-priority questions. These research questions are broad in scope and ready to be addressed in the next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate research towards a deeper understanding of subterranean biology and foster hypothesis-driven studies likely to resonate broadly from the traditional boundaries of this field.
- Towards evidence‐based conservation of subterranean ecosystemsPublication . Mammola, Stefano; Meierhofer, Melissa B.; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Colado, Raquel; Culver, David C.; Deharveng, Louis; Delić, Teo; Di Lorenzo, Tiziana; Dražina, Tvrtko; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Fiasca, Barbara; Fišer, Cene; Galassi, Diana M. P.; Garzoli, Laura; Gerovasileiou, Vasilis; Griebler, Christian; Halse, Stuart; Howarth, Francis G.; Isaia, Marco; Johnson, Joseph S.; Komerički, Ana; Martínez, Alejandro; Milano, Filippo; Moldovan, Oana T.; Nanni, Veronica; Nicolosi, Giuseppe; Niemiller, Matthew L.; Pallarés, Susana; Pavlek, Martina; Piano, Elena; Pipan, Tanja; Sanchez‐Fernandez, David; Santangeli, Andrea; Schmidt, Susanne I.; Wynne, J. Judson; Zagmajster, Maja; Zakšek, Valerija; Cardoso, PedroSubterranean ecosystems are among the most widespread environments on Earth, yet we still have poor knowledge of their biodiversity. To raise awareness of subterranean ecosystems, the essential services they provide, and their unique conservation challenges, 2021 and 2022 were designated International Years of Caves and Karst. As these ecosystems have traditionally been overlooked in global conservation agendas and multilateral agreements, a quantitative assessment of solution-based approaches to safeguard subterranean biota and associated habitats is timely. This assessment allows researchers and practitioners to understand the progress made and research needs in subterranean ecology and management. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature focused on subterranean ecosystems globally (terrestrial, freshwater, and saltwater systems), to quantify the available evidence-base for the effectiveness of conservation interventions. We selected 708 publications from the years 1964 to 2021 that discussed, recommended, or implemented 1,954 conservation interventions in subterranean ecosystems. We noted a steep increase in the number of studies from the 2000s while, surprisingly, the proportion of studies quantifying the impact of conservation interventions has steadily and significantly decreased in recent years. The effectiveness of 31% of conservation interventions has been tested statistically. We further highlight that 64% of the reported research occurred in the Palearctic and Nearctic biogeographic regions. Assessments of the effectiveness of conservation interventions were heavily biased towards indirect measures (monitoring and risk assessment), a limited sample of organisms (mostly arthropods and bats), and more accessible systems (terrestrial caves). Our results indicate that most conservation science in the field of subterranean biology does not apply a rigorous quantitative approach, resulting in sparse evidence for the effectiveness of interventions. This raises the important question of how to make conservation efforts more feasible to implement, cost-effective, and long-lasting. Although there is no single remedy, we propose a suite of potential solutions to focus our efforts better towards increasing statistical testing and stress the importance of standardising study reporting to facilitate meta-analytical exercises. We also provide a database summarising the available literature, which will help to build quantitative knowledge about interventions likely to yield the greatest impacts depending upon the subterranean species and habitats of interest. We view this as a starting point to shift away from the widespread tendency of recommending conservation interventions based on anecdotal and expert-based information rather than scientific evidence, without quantitatively testing their effectiveness.