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Publication
“Uma visão integrada e estratégica da prática de BTT no Parque Natural da Madeira: contributos para a implementação de uma carta de desporto de natureza”
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Abstract(s)
A Ilha da Madeira é reconhecida a nível internacional, não só pela paisagem natural, pelo clima ameno, pela galardoada floresta Laurissilva, mas também pela vasta oferta dos serviços ecossistémicos culturais. Destaque para os percursos pedestres, que na sua maioria, são percorridos ao longo das conhecidas levadas da Madeira, atualmente candidatas a Património Cultural e Mundial da Unesco. Além do pedestrianismo, a Ilha da Madeira oferece atividades lúdico-desportivas de destaque como o Trail running, Canyoning e competições com bicicleta de montanha, que atraem praticantes de todo o mundo. A partir do momento em que existe uma procura pelo uso da floresta e dos espaços naturais, onde estas e outras atividades ocorrem em áreas protegidas, é necessário adotar uma gestão consciente e sustentável a fim de manter a biodiversidade dos locais. O principal objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em: (i) caracterizar a atividade com recurso a bicicleta todo-o-terreno (BTT) na Ilha da Madeira, em concreto no Parque Natural da Madeira, (ii) conhecer o perfil do praticante desta modalidade, qual a sua origem e motivações;(iii) compreender a forma do praticante vivenciar esta experiência e avaliar o grau de satisfação a que está associada, bem como as melhorias que considera poderem ser introduzidas nesta atividade desenvolvida na Região. Assim e no âmbito deste estudo, realizou-se um levantamento da oferta de percursos de BTT licenciados nesta área protegida com recurso ao GPS, bem como em outros trilhos não licenciados, mas onde os praticantes também praticam a atividade, os quais posteriormente foram analisados através da aplicação QGIS 3.22 Białowieża. Através de um inquérito por questionário (on-line) dirigido a praticantes de BTT, traçou-se o perfil do praticante e a sua perceção desta experiência. Das cento e cinquenta respostas válidas obtidas (N=150;100%), constatou-se que os praticantes são maioritariamente indivíduos do sexo masculino, com uma média de idades de 33,47 ±11,33 anos e naturalidade distribuída por 18 países, sendo que Portugal foi o país com o maior número de respondentes (N=110;73%). A prática desportiva consistiu na motivação principal para o desenvolvimento desta atividade, sendo que as modalidades que os participantes praticam com maior frequência é o Enduro seguida do Downhill e do cross-country. Através da análise com recurso a árvores de classificação (CHAID) foram identificados dois grupos, com motivações distintas para a prática do BTT: (i)os desportistas e (ii) o grupo de aventura. Relativamente às preferências por determinados trilhos, e através da análise de clusters obtiveram-se dois grupos: um destaca a vivência da aventura e do desafio e outro grupo são mais comodistas, valorizando por exemplo o fácil acesso ao trilho. Estes padrões ajudam a perceber a preferência pela seleção dos trilhos ser mais radical, ou mais suave. Relativamente aos trilhos de BTT e a sua localização, a zona do Poiso foi o local de excelência eleito por estes praticantes, principalmente pela beleza da paisagem e pelo desafio criado pelo caráter radical do seu trajeto, o que se traduziu numa avaliação global bastante satisfatória por parte dos praticantes.Com os resultados obtidos neste estudo, visa-se contribuir para a elaboração de uma futura Carta de Desporto de Natureza da RAM, dada a necessidade de criar mais trilhos licenciados e homologados atrativos, com as respetivas informações de forma a sensibilizar os praticantes para os profundos impactos ambientais negativos e falta de segurança de usar trilhos não licenciados, mantendo assim uma prática consciente e sustentável.
ABSTRACT: Madeira Island is recognized internationally, not only for its natural landscape, mild climate, award-winning Laurissilva forest, but also for its wide range of cultural ecosystem services. Madeira Island is recognized internationally, not only for its natural landscape, mild climate, award-winning Laurissilva forest, but also for its wide range of cultural ecosystem services. Highlight for the pedestrian paths, which are mostly walked along the well-known levadas of Madeira, currently candidates for Unesco Cultural and World Heritage. In addition to hiking, Madeira Island offers outstanding recreational-sports activities such as trail running, canyoning and mountain biking competitions that attract practitioners from around the world. From the moment that there is a demand for the use of the forest and natural spaces, where these and other activities take place in protected areas, it is necessary to adopt a conscious and sustainable management to maintain the biodiversity of the places. The main objective of this work was: (i) to characterize the activity using the all-terrain bike (MTB) in Madeira Island, specifically in the Natural Park of Madeira, (ii) to know the profile of the practitioner of this modality, what its origin and motivations;(iii) understand how the practitioner experience this experience and assess the degree of satisfaction to which it is associated, as well as the improvements it considers can be introduced in this activity developed in the Region. Thus, and within the scope of this study, a survey of the offer of MTB routes licensed in this protected area using GPS, as well as in other unlicensed trails, but where practitioners also do the activity, which subsequently were analysed through the application QGIS 3.22 Białowieża. Through a questionnaire survey (online) directed to mountain bikers, the profile of the practitioner and his perception of this experience was traced. Of the one hundred and fifty valid answers obtained (N = 150;100%), it was found that the practitioners are mostly male individuals, with an average age of 33.47 11.33 years and naturalness distributed in 18 countries, Portugal was the country with the highest number of respondents (N=110;73%). The sport consisted of the main motivation for the development of this activity, and the modalities that the participants practice most often is the Enduro followed by Downhill and Cross-country. Through the analysis using classification trees (CHAID) two groups were identified, with distinct motivations for the practice of mountain biking: (i)the sportspeople and (ii) the adventure group. Regarding preferences for certain trails, and through cluster analysis two groups were also obtained: one highlights the experience of adventure and challenge, and another group are more comfortable, valuing for example the easy access to trail. These patterns help to realize the preference for the selection of trails to be more radical, or smoother. Regarding the mountain biking trails and its location, the area of Poiso was the place of excellence chosen by these practitioners, mainly for the beauty of the landscape and the challenge created by the radical character of its path, which resulted in a very satisfactory overall assessment by practitioners. With the results obtained in this study, we aim to contribute to the elaboration of a future Nature Sports Charter of the RAM, given the need to create more licensed and homologated attractive trails, with their information in order to raise awareness of the deep negative environmental impacts and lack of safety of using unlicensed trails, maintaining a conscious and sustainable practice.
ABSTRACT: Madeira Island is recognized internationally, not only for its natural landscape, mild climate, award-winning Laurissilva forest, but also for its wide range of cultural ecosystem services. Madeira Island is recognized internationally, not only for its natural landscape, mild climate, award-winning Laurissilva forest, but also for its wide range of cultural ecosystem services. Highlight for the pedestrian paths, which are mostly walked along the well-known levadas of Madeira, currently candidates for Unesco Cultural and World Heritage. In addition to hiking, Madeira Island offers outstanding recreational-sports activities such as trail running, canyoning and mountain biking competitions that attract practitioners from around the world. From the moment that there is a demand for the use of the forest and natural spaces, where these and other activities take place in protected areas, it is necessary to adopt a conscious and sustainable management to maintain the biodiversity of the places. The main objective of this work was: (i) to characterize the activity using the all-terrain bike (MTB) in Madeira Island, specifically in the Natural Park of Madeira, (ii) to know the profile of the practitioner of this modality, what its origin and motivations;(iii) understand how the practitioner experience this experience and assess the degree of satisfaction to which it is associated, as well as the improvements it considers can be introduced in this activity developed in the Region. Thus, and within the scope of this study, a survey of the offer of MTB routes licensed in this protected area using GPS, as well as in other unlicensed trails, but where practitioners also do the activity, which subsequently were analysed through the application QGIS 3.22 Białowieża. Through a questionnaire survey (online) directed to mountain bikers, the profile of the practitioner and his perception of this experience was traced. Of the one hundred and fifty valid answers obtained (N = 150;100%), it was found that the practitioners are mostly male individuals, with an average age of 33.47 11.33 years and naturalness distributed in 18 countries, Portugal was the country with the highest number of respondents (N=110;73%). The sport consisted of the main motivation for the development of this activity, and the modalities that the participants practice most often is the Enduro followed by Downhill and Cross-country. Through the analysis using classification trees (CHAID) two groups were identified, with distinct motivations for the practice of mountain biking: (i)the sportspeople and (ii) the adventure group. Regarding preferences for certain trails, and through cluster analysis two groups were also obtained: one highlights the experience of adventure and challenge, and another group are more comfortable, valuing for example the easy access to trail. These patterns help to realize the preference for the selection of trails to be more radical, or smoother. Regarding the mountain biking trails and its location, the area of Poiso was the place of excellence chosen by these practitioners, mainly for the beauty of the landscape and the challenge created by the radical character of its path, which resulted in a very satisfactory overall assessment by practitioners. With the results obtained in this study, we aim to contribute to the elaboration of a future Nature Sports Charter of the RAM, given the need to create more licensed and homologated attractive trails, with their information in order to raise awareness of the deep negative environmental impacts and lack of safety of using unlicensed trails, maintaining a conscious and sustainable practice.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão e Conservação da Natureza, 06 de agosto de 2024, Universidade dos Açores.
Keywords
Paisagem natural Atividades lúdico-desportivas Bicicleta todo-o-terreno BTT Gestão do património natural Biodiversidade Áreas protegidas
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Costa, Maria Lurdes Vieira Spínola. (2023). "Uma visão integrada e estratégica da prática de BTT no Parque Natural da Madeira: contributos para a implementação de uma carta de desporto de natureza". 154 p. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Conservação da Natureza). Angra do Heroísmo: Universidade dos Açores, 2023. Disponível em http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/8724