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A internacionalização dos Açores no quadro da Grande Guerra : a base naval americana em Ponta Delgada (1917-1919)
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| Resumo, Índice, Introdução | 591.38 KB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Documento Principal | 16.3 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
Há 100 anos, no dia 9 de Março, a Alemanha declarou guerra a Portugal.
Nessa altura, chamaram-lhe a Grande Guerra. O nome dizia tudo!
Em quatro anos e três meses, somaram-se dois milhões de mortes em combate, quase dez vezes mais que o registado nas guerras napoleónicas, as maiores de que havia memória, em longos 23 anos.
A 17 de fevereiro de 1916, a pedido expresso e urgente da Grã Bretanha – in the name of the alliance to requisition all the enemy’s ships lying in Portuguese Ports - a apreensão dos 6 navios alemães surtos em portos portugueses, na Horta e Ponta Delgada, desde os alvores do conflito, episódio este que constitui o clímax de todo um conjunto de situações de caráter provocatório a nível bilateral, onde a “neutralidade beligerante” portuguesa era constante.
A 4 de Julho de 1917, o ataque do submarino alemão Deutschland a Ponta Delgada e a defesa do transporte americano Orion levam a que os EUA se interessem pelos Açores. A marinha americana negoceia diretamente com Londres a criação de uma base naval própria em Ponta Delgada, sem que Lisboa seja informada do assunto. Em consequência, surge um conjunto de “facilidades” no arquipélago ao “amigo americano” e, paralelamente, os receios do governo e apoiantes sidonistas. Contudo, o estabelecimento da base “dentro” da cidade faz com que a urbe micaelense e a sua população ficassem impregnados com um “perfume” do Novo Mundo, o que fazia despertar alguns setores autonomistas para o reforço de uma maior autonomia açoriana, quiçá, com um protetorado norte-americano. Destacou-se, então, José Bruno Tavares Carreiro.
A nível institucional, a presença de um oficial General de uma marinha de guerra estrangeira em solo nacional – Almirante Herbert O. Dunn - levantaria uma série de questões ao governo republicano e algum desconforto às entidades militares locais. Surgia, assim, pela primeira vez, o cargo do Alto Comissário da República nos Açores, que seria ocupado pelo General José Augusto Simas Machado.
Terminada a guerra, revelaram-se os enormes progressos que a arte de voar tenha feito, e logo cada um tratou de os aplicar a empreendimentos pacíficos, sobressaindo entre estes o desejo de atravessar os mares. Como primeira etapa para uma ambicionada travessia do Atlântico, emergiram naturalmente os Açores.
ABSTRACT: A hundred years ago, on March 9, Germany declared war on Portugal.At that time, they called it the ‘Great War’. The name said it all! In four years and three months, the casualty toll amounted to two million deaths in combat, almost ten times more than the number recorded in the long-lasting Napoleonic wars, the longest there was memory of and which lasted 23 years. On February 17, 1916, giving response to an express and urgent request of Britain – in the name of the alliance to requisition all the enemy's ships in Portuguese Ports – to seizure the 6 German vessels moored in the Portuguese ports of Horta and Ponta Delgada, since the dawn of the conflict, which was the climax of a whole set of provocative situations on both sides and where the ‘belligerent neutrality’ of Portugal was constant. On July 4, 1917, the attack of Ponta Delgada by the German submarine – Deutschland – and the defense by the American transportation ship Orion lead the US to become interested in the Azores. The US Navy negotiates directly with London the creation of its own naval base in Ponta Delgada, without Lisbon being informed of the matter. Consequently, there come to surface several ‘advantages’ for the ‘American friend’ and, in parallel, the fears of the government and sidonistas supporters in the archipelago. However, the establishment of the base ‘inside’ the city makes the Azorean metropolis and its population to become impregnated by the ‘perfume’ of the New World, which awakens some autonomist sectors for the strengthening of the Azorean autonomy, perhaps as an American protectorate. In this context, one name stands out – José Bruno Tavares Carreiro. Institutionally, the presence of a General officer from a foreign war navy on home soil – Admiral Herbert O. Dunn – raises a number of questions to the Republican government and some discomfort to the local military authorities. Thus emerges, for the first time, the office of the High Commissioner of the Republic in the Azores, which would be occupied by General José Augusto Simas Machado. Once the war is over, the enormous progress brought by the art of flying is quite visible, and each one tries to use this to the benefit of peace time projects, the desire to cross the oceans as the paramount. As a first step towards a coveted cross of the Atlantic, the Azores naturally emerged.
ABSTRACT: A hundred years ago, on March 9, Germany declared war on Portugal.At that time, they called it the ‘Great War’. The name said it all! In four years and three months, the casualty toll amounted to two million deaths in combat, almost ten times more than the number recorded in the long-lasting Napoleonic wars, the longest there was memory of and which lasted 23 years. On February 17, 1916, giving response to an express and urgent request of Britain – in the name of the alliance to requisition all the enemy's ships in Portuguese Ports – to seizure the 6 German vessels moored in the Portuguese ports of Horta and Ponta Delgada, since the dawn of the conflict, which was the climax of a whole set of provocative situations on both sides and where the ‘belligerent neutrality’ of Portugal was constant. On July 4, 1917, the attack of Ponta Delgada by the German submarine – Deutschland – and the defense by the American transportation ship Orion lead the US to become interested in the Azores. The US Navy negotiates directly with London the creation of its own naval base in Ponta Delgada, without Lisbon being informed of the matter. Consequently, there come to surface several ‘advantages’ for the ‘American friend’ and, in parallel, the fears of the government and sidonistas supporters in the archipelago. However, the establishment of the base ‘inside’ the city makes the Azorean metropolis and its population to become impregnated by the ‘perfume’ of the New World, which awakens some autonomist sectors for the strengthening of the Azorean autonomy, perhaps as an American protectorate. In this context, one name stands out – José Bruno Tavares Carreiro. Institutionally, the presence of a General officer from a foreign war navy on home soil – Admiral Herbert O. Dunn – raises a number of questions to the Republican government and some discomfort to the local military authorities. Thus emerges, for the first time, the office of the High Commissioner of the Republic in the Azores, which would be occupied by General José Augusto Simas Machado. Once the war is over, the enormous progress brought by the art of flying is quite visible, and each one tries to use this to the benefit of peace time projects, the desire to cross the oceans as the paramount. As a first step towards a coveted cross of the Atlantic, the Azores naturally emerged.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado, Relações Internacionais, 5 de Dezembro de 2016, Universidade dos Açores.
Keywords
Autonomia Base Naval Americana (Ponta Delgada) Primeira Guerra Mundial História dos Açores (séc. XX) World War I Azores
Citation
Araújo, Paulo Jorge Medeiros. "A internacionalização dos Açores no quadro da Grande Guerra: a base naval americana em Ponta Delgada (1917-1919)". 2016. 194 p.. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais). Ponta Delgada: Universidade dos Açores, 2016. [Consult. Dia Mês Ano]. Disponível em www:<http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/4228>.