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Global insular leaf size shifts follow the island rule, independently of insect herbivory and macroclimate

2026-01-22Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas
datacite.subject.sdg15:Proteger a Vida Terrestre
dc.contributor.authorMoreira, Xoaquín
dc.contributor.authorAbdala-Roberts, Luis
dc.contributor.authorAmorim do Rosário, Isabel
dc.contributor.authorBaider, Claúdia
dc.contributor.authorBurns, Kevin
dc.contributor.authorCaujapé-Castells, Juli
dc.contributor.authorCubas, Jonay
dc.contributor.authorDean, Lydia
dc.contributor.authorDomínguez-Lapido, Paula
dc.contributor.authorEndara, María-José
dc.contributor.authorFlorens, F. B. Vincent
dc.contributor.authorGalmán, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorGuevara-Andino, Juan Ernesto
dc.contributor.authorHutton, Ian
dc.contributor.authorLago-Núñez, Beatriz
dc.contributor.authorMooney, Kailen
dc.contributor.authorLarrinaga, Asier
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorRandimbiarison, Finaritra
dc.contributor.authorRazafindratsima, Onja
dc.contributor.authorRivas-Torres, Gonzalo
dc.contributor.authorVázquez-González, Carla
dc.contributor.editorde Lafontaine, Guillaume
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-20T12:03:53Z
dc.date.available2026-02-20T12:03:53Z
dc.date.issued2026-01-22
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT: The island rule, originally formulated for animals, predicts that small-bodied mainland species evolve larger body sizes on islands (gigantism), but that this effect weakens with increasing mainland body size, ultimately reversing and leading to dwarfism for the largest species. This dynamic is expected to produce a positive, saturating relationship between island and mainland body size, with insular size increases at small sizes and reductions at large sizes. Despite extensive support in animals, this prediction has rarely been tested in plants. Consequently, it remains unclear whether the island rule applies to plants, whether it operates consistently across evolutionary scales, and how biotic and abiotic drivers jointly shape insular size shifts. We tested the island rule in plants by examining leaf size variation—an organ-level analogue of body size—across 48 island species from six oceanic systems and their mainland counterparts. We conducted both conspecific comparisons (same species on islands and the mainland; n = 19 pairs) and congeneric comparisons (island endemics paired with closely related mainland species; n = 29 pairs) to assess patterns across evolutionary scales. We also measured insect herbivory and recorded climatic variables to explore ecological correlates of island–mainland variation in leaf size. Although mean leaf size did not differ significantly between island and mainland populations for either conspecific or congeneric comparisons, we detected a non-linear, positive saturating relationship between mainland and island leaf sizes, consistent with an island rule-like pattern. Small-leaved mainland species tended to evolve larger leaves on islands, whereas this effect diminished for larger leaved species, a pattern observed in both conspecific and congeneric comparisons. Insect herbivory and climate did not explain these relationships. Synthesis: These findings demonstrate that plants follow the island rule for leaf size and suggest that mainland-to-island shifts at opposite ends of the mainland leaf size spectrum offset one another, possibly explaining no overall difference in leaf size between island and mainland populations.eng
dc.identifier.citationMoreira, X., Abdala-Roberts, L., Amorim, I. R., Baider, C., Burns, K. C., Caujapé-Castells, J., Cubas, J., Dean, L. S., Domínguez-Lapido, P., Endara, M. J., Florens, F. B. V., Galmán, A., Guevara-Andino, J. E., Hutton, I., Lago-Núñez, B., Mooney, K. A., Larrinaga, A. R., Pereira, F., Randimbiarison, F., Razafindratsima, O. H., Rivas-Torres, G., & Vázquez-González, C. (2026). Global insular leaf size shifts follow the island rule, independently of insect herbivory and macroclimate. Journal of Ecology, 114, e70266
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/1365-2745.70266
dc.identifier.eissn1365-2745
dc.identifier.issn0022-0477
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/8879
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relationSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2022-141761OB-I00 and EUR2023-143463)
dc.relationGalician Innovation Agency (IN607A 2021/03 and OTR11097)
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.70266
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectclimatic conditions
dc.subjectfunctional island biogeography
dc.subjectherbivore pressure
dc.subjectleaf dwarfism
dc.subjectleaf gigantism
dc.subjectoceanic islands
dc.titleGlobal insular leaf size shifts follow the island rule, independently of insect herbivory and macroclimateeng
dc.typeresearch article
dcterms.referenceshttps://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30041818.v1
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage11
oaire.citation.issuee70266
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Ecology
oaire.citation.volume114
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameAmorim do Rosário
person.familyNamePereira
person.givenNameIsabel
person.givenNameFernando
person.identifier.ciencia-id9713-F828-9787
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6847-3320
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2238-9681
person.identifier.ridP-5140-2015
person.identifier.scopus-author-id36092499800
person.identifier.scopus-author-id8654309800
relation.isAuthorOfPublication2d813664-65da-485d-b588-750282f747b8
relation.isAuthorOfPublication725cc3e4-7e07-4147-9c8d-dd571c8340d3
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery2d813664-65da-485d-b588-750282f747b8

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