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Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism

dc.contributor.authorFlantua, Suzette G. A.
dc.contributor.authorPayne, Davnah
dc.contributor.authorBorregaard, Michael K.
dc.contributor.authorBeierkuhnlein, Carl
dc.contributor.authorSteinbauer, Manuel J.
dc.contributor.authorDullinger, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorEssl, Franz
dc.contributor.authorIrl, Severin D. H.
dc.contributor.authorKienle, David
dc.contributor.authorKreft, Holger
dc.contributor.authorLenzner, Bernd
dc.contributor.authorNorder, Sietze
dc.contributor.authorRijsdijk, Kenneth F.
dc.contributor.authorRumpf, Sabine B.
dc.contributor.authorWeigelt, Patrick
dc.contributor.authorField, Richard
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-15T12:42:02Z
dc.date.available2021-03-15T12:42:02Z
dc.date.issued2020-08
dc.description.abstractAIM: Mountains and islands are both well known for their high endemism. To explain this similarity, parallels have been drawn between the insularity of "true islands" (land surrounded by water) and the isolation of habitats within mountains (so-called "mountain islands"). However, parallels rarely go much beyond the observation that mountaintops are isolated from one another, as are true islands. Here, we challenge the analogy between mountains and true islands by re-evaluating the literature, focusing on isolation (the prime mechanism underlying species endemism by restricting gene flow) from a dynamic perspective over space and time. FRAMEWORK: We base our conceptualization of "isolation" on the arguments that no biological system is completely isolated; instead, isolation has multiple spatial and temporal dimensions relating to biological and environmental processes. We distinguish four key dimensions of isolation: (a) environmental difference from surroundings; (b) geographical distance to equivalent environment [points (a) and (b) are combined as "snapshot isolation"]; (c) continuity of isolation in space and time; and (d) total time over which isolation has been present [points (c) and (d) are combined as "isolation history"]. We evaluate the importance of each dimension in different types of mountains and true islands, demonstrating that substantial differences exist in the nature of isolation between and within each type. In particular, different types differ in their initial isolation and in the dynamic trajectories they follow, with distinct phases of varying isolation that interact with species traits over time to form present-day patterns of endemism. CONCLUSIONS: Our spatio-temporal definition of isolation suggests that the analogy between true islands and mountain islands masks important variation of isolation over long time-scales. Our understanding of endemism in isolated systems can be greatly enriched if the dynamic spatio-temporal dimensions of isolation enter models as explanatory variables and if these models account for the trajectories of the history of a system.en
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment of Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography at University of Gottingen; The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, no. 2012/13248/ALW to H. Hooghiemstra); European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant (no. 741413, Humans on Planet Earth (HOPE); Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement (no. 707968); Danish National Research Foundation for support of the Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate (no. DNRF96); Austrian Science Foundation (Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, FWF, no. I 3757-B29); Portuguese National Funds, through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), within the project UID/BIA/00329/2013 and the research Fellowship PD/BD/114380/2016; Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (no. 641762).en
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationFlantua, S. G.A., Payne, D., Borregaard, M.K., Beierkuhnlein, C., Steinbauer, M.J., Dullinger, S., Essl, F., Irl, S.D.H., Kienle, D., Kreft, H., Lenzner, B., Norder, S., Rijsdijk, K.F., Rumpf, S.B., Weigelt, P. & Field, R. (2020). Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism. “Global Ecology and Biogeography”, 29(10), 1651-1673. DOI:10.1111/geb.13155en
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/geb.13155pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn1466-8238
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/44213
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/5790
dc.identifier.wos000555293500001
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherWileypt_PT
dc.relationHumans On Planet Earth - Long-term impacts on biosphere dynamics
dc.relationECOPOTENTIAL: IMPROVING FUTURE ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS THROUGH EARTH OBSERVATIONS
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/geb.13155pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectEndemic Speciesen
dc.subjectFlickering Connectivity Systemen
dc.subjectGeological Ontogenyen
dc.subjectGlacial–interglacial Fluctuationsen
dc.subjectIsland Biogeographyen
dc.subjectIsolationen
dc.subjectMountain Islandsen
dc.subjectPalaeoclimateen
dc.subjectPast Connectivityen
dc.subjectSky Islandspt_PT
dc.titleSnapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemismen
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleHumans On Planet Earth - Long-term impacts on biosphere dynamics
oaire.awardTitleECOPOTENTIAL: IMPROVING FUTURE ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS THROUGH EARTH OBSERVATIONS
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/5876/UID%2FBIA%2F00329%2F2013/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/741413/EU
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/641762/EU
oaire.citation.conferencePlaceUnited Kingdompt_PT
oaire.citation.endPage1673pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue(10)pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1651pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleGlobal Ecology and Biogeographyen
oaire.citation.volume29pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream5876
oaire.fundingStreamH2020
oaire.fundingStreamH2020
person.familyNameNorder
person.givenNameSietze
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4692-4543
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameEuropean Commission
project.funder.nameEuropean Commission
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery0357a3c4-4eb0-4110-8b2f-ee1fae4bfa35
relation.isProjectOfPublication7eec27e2-98c2-484f-a596-8df735e12eb3
relation.isProjectOfPublication13a639ec-7d02-4aa6-af2e-340a175d9493
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