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Darwin’s naturalization conundrum in the Azores: scale-dependent patterns of arthropod invasion

2026-09-30Contributo em revista Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas
dc.contributor.authorOyarzabal, Guilherme
dc.contributor.authorOyarzabal da Silva, Guilherme
dc.contributor.authorCardoso, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorRigal, François
dc.contributor.authorBoieiro, Mário
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Ana M. C.
dc.contributor.authorAmorim, Isabel R.
dc.contributor.authorAmorim do Rosário, Isabel
dc.contributor.authorMalumbres-Olarte, Jagoba
dc.contributor.authorMalumbres-Olarte, Jagoba
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorLhoumeau, Sébastien
dc.contributor.authorLhoumeau, Sébastien Georges André
dc.contributor.authorPozsgai, Gábor
dc.contributor.authorPozsgai, Gabor
dc.contributor.authorGabriel, Rosalina
dc.contributor.authorGabriel, Rosalina
dc.contributor.authorBorges, Paulo A. V.
dc.contributor.authorBorges, Paulo
dc.contributor.editorLiu, Chunlong
dc.date.accessioned2026-10-21T09:56:14Z
dc.date.available2026-10-21T09:56:14Z
dc.date.issued2026-09-30
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT: Aim To test the mechanisms governing the assembly of exotic arthropods within endemic-rich island communities by evaluating Darwin's naturalization conundrum, which predicts that invasion success occurs through either functional dissimilarity from native species (Naturalization Hypothesis) or functional similarity with them (Pre-adaptation Hypothesis). Location Azores archipelago, Portugal, North Atlantic Ocean. Methods We analysed long-term spatial and temporal data from two standardized monitoring programmes in Azorean native forests: the BALA project (spatial dataset) and the SLAM project (temporal dataset). The dataset included more than 100 species of spiders and beetles sampled across multiple islands over two decades. Using functional trait approaches, we quantified exotic–endemic community structure across spatial and temporal scales and compared observed patterns with null expectations to assess functional similarity or dissimilarity. Results Across both datasets, most Standard Effect Sizes (SES) values clustered around zero, indicating that exotic assemblages were largely indistinguishable from null expectations relative to endemic communities. This neutral pattern was consistent for exotic spiders across all spatial and temporal scales, providing no support for either Darwinian hypothesis. Exotic beetles, however, showed weak but detectable functional overdispersion at broader spatial scales and through time, suggesting limited and context-dependent support for the Naturalization Hypothesis. Overall, the pattern found is consistent with stochastic processes that appear to dominate exotic–endemic functional relationships, although this cannot be demonstrated directly from SES values alone. Main Conclusions Our results suggest that deterministic competition plays a minor role in structuring exotic arthropod assemblages in Azorean native forests. Instead, landscape-level processes, particularly the pressure from surrounding anthropogenic habitats and environmental filtering linked to forest fragmentation, likely shape invasion dynamics. These findings highlight the importance of human-modified landscapes in influencing community assembly and provide insights into how invasion processes operate in insular ecosystems.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT-PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021, FCT-UID/00329/2025 (that funded the Open Access of this manuscript), 10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1375/CT0001, 10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1375/CT0003, UIDP/00329/2020, UI/BD/151406/2021, FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024 DOI 10.54499/UIDB/00329/2020; Spanish Ramón y Cajal fellowship, RYC2020-029407-I, MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; ESF Investing in your future; Azorean Government Ph.D., M3.1.a/F/012/2022; Azores DRCT Pluriannual Funding, M1.1.A/FUNC.UI&D/010/2021-2024. Open access was funded by FCT-UID/00329/2025 - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) DOI https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/00329/2025.
dc.identifier.citationOyarzabal, G., Cardoso, P., Rigal, F., Boieiro, M., Santos, A.M.C., Amorim, I.R., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Costa, R., Lhoumeau, S., Pozsgai, G., Gabriel, R. & Borges, P.A.V. (2026). Darwin’s naturalization conundrum in the Azores: scale-dependent patterns of arthropod invasion. Diversity and Distributions, 32: e70265. DOI: 10.1111/ddi.70265. (IF2025: 4.2; Q1 Ecology). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ddi.70265
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/ddi.70265
dc.identifier.issn1366-9516
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/9077
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherWiley-Blackwell Publishing
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectanthropogenic impact
dc.subjectcommunity turnover
dc.subjectisland biogeography
dc.subjectlong-term biodiversity monitoring
dc.subjecttrait-based invasion
dc.titleDarwin’s naturalization conundrum in the Azores: scale-dependent patterns of arthropod invasioneng
dc.typecontribution to journal
dcterms.referenceshttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21109001
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage20
oaire.citation.issuee70265
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleDiversity and Distributions
oaire.citation.volume32
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameOyarzabal da Silva
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