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Do Island Spiders Descend From Trees? – A Tale of Island Colonisation and Niche Expansion

2025-10-24Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas
datacite.subject.sdg15:Proteger a Vida Terrestre
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorMacías-Hernández, Nuria
dc.contributor.authorRigal, François
dc.contributor.authorBorges, P.A.V.
dc.contributor.authorCardoso, Pedro
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-26T11:13:41Z
dc.date.available2026-01-26T11:13:41Z
dc.date.issued2025-10-24
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT: Aim Oceanic islands are known for being home to drastically different communities compared to the mainland, as their isolation and limited area significantly favour clades able to travel long distances over water. On spiders, this happens mainly, although not exclusively, through ballooning whose propensity is unevenly distributed across species and requires specific conditions, possibly influencing their microhabitat distribution. However, once reaching the islands, colonisers might shift their preferences towards microhabitats with less competition. In this study, using Macaronesian spiders as models, we aim to test whether: (1) the closest mainland relatives to island endemics occupy higher vertical strata; (2) island endemics show niche shift and expansion towards lower vertical strata (lower vertical distribution and larger range compared to their closest mainland relatives); (3) active hunters show a larger vertical niche shift and expansion than web-weavers. Location Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands). Taxon Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Methods We selected the closest relatives from a comprehensive phylogenetic tree encompassing Iberian and Macaronesian forest spiders. We tested our hypotheses using null models and paired Wilcox non-parametric tests followed by linear models. Results The mainland lineages did show higher average verticality than expected by chance. However, despite showing a significantly larger vertical range, and contrary to our expectations, island endemics display higher average verticality than their mainland lineages. Furthermore, hunters showed an increase in mean verticality, while web-weavers tended to be those decreasing, with both guilds showing no differences in the variation of vertical range separately. Main Conclusions Spiders living in higher layers in mainland forests have a higher probability of reaching oceanic islands; yet, not all show a preference to grab opportunities at ground level. Although this is possibly due to the presence of ground-dwelling competitors/predators or the past extinction of epigean species, the transition observed further supports the colonisation filter favouring more arboreal species.eng
dc.identifier.citationCosta, R., Mácias-Hernández, N., Rigal, F., Borges, P. A. V. & Cardoso, P. (2025). Do Island Spiders Descend From Trees? – A Tale of Island Colonisation and Niche Expansion. Journal of Biogeography, 52(12), e70093
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/jbi.70093
dc.identifier.eissn1365-2699
dc.identifier.issn0305-0270
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/8811
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedn/a
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relationFundação Para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UI/BD/151406/2021)
dc.relationFCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024
dc.relationFCT-PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jbi.70093
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.titleDo Island Spiders Descend From Trees? – A Tale of Island Colonisation and Niche Expansioneng
dc.typeresearch article
dcterms.referenceshttps://www.gbif.org/dataset/6aa5ac09-2b55-4078-bd2d-ec94fb91850a
dcterms.referenceshttp://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=spiders_madeira
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage14
oaire.citation.issue12
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Biogeography
oaire.citation.volume52
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCosta
person.familyNameRigal
person.familyNameBorges
person.familyNameCardoso
person.givenNameRicardo
person.givenNameFrançois
person.givenNamePaulo
person.givenNamePedro
person.identifier1634930
person.identifier829215
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person.identifier.ciencia-idE315-82D2-C35D
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person.identifier.ciencia-id3118-EA4B-B8A3
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6452-436X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6882-1591
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8448-7623
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8119-9960
person.identifier.ridB-2780-2008
person.identifier.ridA-8820-2008
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55924714000
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7003533390
person.identifier.scopus-author-id36112709400
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