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Liberalismo e municipalismo : o caso do extinto concelho das Capelas (1839-1853) na Ilha de São Miguel
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Abstract(s)
Este estudo pretende ser um pequeno contributo para o conhecimento da História Local das ilhas dos Açores. Apontamento historiográfico onde procuramos saber quais as razões que estiveram na base da criação do concelho das Capelas em 1839, na ilha de São Miguel, como se processou o seu o funcionamento e quais as razões ponderosas que ditaram a sua extinção em 1853.
Tentamos enquadrar a temática no seu tempo histórico, o tempo de um país que de forma conturbada procurava implantar um novo regime - o Liberalismo -, cujos principais acontecimentos se repercutiam nas ilhas, refletindo, também nelas, o que se passava a nível nacional. Novo regime político que trouxe as mudanças necessárias: a criação da Província Oriental dos Açores que em 1833 libertava São Miguel da tradicional ascendência de poder da ilha Terceira; a publicação de Decreto datado de 1835 que criava três distritos autónomos nas ilhas com sedes em Ponta Delgada, Angra e Horta; a preparação da proposta de Lei (1838) a dividir a ilha de São Miguel em mais dois concelhos, o das Capelas e o da Povoação.
Apuradas as razões que estiveram na base daquela proposta, que é aprovada na Câmara dos Deputados com a publicação de Decreto datado de 3 de julho de 1839, passamos a analisar as eleições e o processo de instalação do novo município.
Apoiados essencialmente em fontes primárias avaliamos o seu funcionamento, constatando-se de imediato as grandes dificuldades institucionais e financeiras com que a câmara municipal se debatia. Dificuldades que obstam à aspiração de contruir um Paço Municipal, um novo cemitério, estradas e redes de água para o concelho; Enquanto se vai sentindo a sua gradual asfixia face às crescentes necessidades orçamentais para pagar à junta geral a quotização que lhe incumbe no amparo das crianças expostas, cujo incumprimento abre crise institucional entre a câmara e o Governador Civil, desinteligências que serão acrescidas pela incapacidade daquela mandar em tempo útil mapas de recenseamento da população do concelho, fundamentais para a fiscalidade distrital e realização das eleições locais e nacionais.
Com a chegada da Regeneração em 1851 e consequente nomeação de novo Governador Civil temos, primeiro, a dissolução da câmara naquele ano e depois a efetiva supressão do concelho, que até era sustentável economicamente, quando comparados os seus dados com os dos demais da ilha. No estudo, permanece a dúvida sobre o real significado da chamada economia da laranja sobre todo o processo do efémero concelho.
ABSTRACT: This study aims to be a small contribution to the knowledge of the local history of the Azores islands. Its’ a historiographical note in which we try to find out the reasons that led to the creation of the municipality of Capelas in 1839, on the island of São Miguel, how it was operationalized and which reasons dictated its extinction in 1853. We try to frame this issue in its historical period, a period in which a troubled country was trying to implement of a new regime - Liberalism - whose main events had repercussions on the islands, reflecting what was happening at a national level. This new political regime brought the necessary changes: the creation of the Azores Eastern Province, which in 1833 liberated São Miguel from the traditional power ascendancy of Terceira island; the publication of the decree of 1835 from which three autonomous districts in the islands were created, with headquarters in Ponta Delgada, Angra and Horta; and the preparation of a law decree (1838) that divided the island of São Miguel in two more municipalities, Capelas and Povoação. After explaining the reasons which formed the basis of that proposal, which was approved in the Chamber of Deputies, with the publication of the Decree on July 3, 1839, we begin to analyze the elections and the new municipality installation process. Supported mainly on primary sources, we assess its functioning, having immediately noticed the major institutional and financial difficulties that the city hall was facing; difficulties that made it impossible to build a City Hall, a new cemetery, roads and water networks for the county. A gradual asphyxia related to the growing budgetary needs to pay the General Board, which was responsible for the abandoned children, is felt and leads to the institutional crisis between the county and the Civil Governor, disagreements that will be added to by the inability of sending census maps of the county's population, which were fundamental to the district taxation and implementation of local and national elections. With the arrival of the Regeneration in 1851 and the subsequent nomination of the new Civil Governor, firstly we have the dissolution of the city hall then, the effective suppression of the county, which was economically sustainable when compared to the data of the rest of the island. In the study, a question about the real meaning of the socalled economy of the orange, on the whole process of the ephemeral county, remains.
ABSTRACT: This study aims to be a small contribution to the knowledge of the local history of the Azores islands. Its’ a historiographical note in which we try to find out the reasons that led to the creation of the municipality of Capelas in 1839, on the island of São Miguel, how it was operationalized and which reasons dictated its extinction in 1853. We try to frame this issue in its historical period, a period in which a troubled country was trying to implement of a new regime - Liberalism - whose main events had repercussions on the islands, reflecting what was happening at a national level. This new political regime brought the necessary changes: the creation of the Azores Eastern Province, which in 1833 liberated São Miguel from the traditional power ascendancy of Terceira island; the publication of the decree of 1835 from which three autonomous districts in the islands were created, with headquarters in Ponta Delgada, Angra and Horta; and the preparation of a law decree (1838) that divided the island of São Miguel in two more municipalities, Capelas and Povoação. After explaining the reasons which formed the basis of that proposal, which was approved in the Chamber of Deputies, with the publication of the Decree on July 3, 1839, we begin to analyze the elections and the new municipality installation process. Supported mainly on primary sources, we assess its functioning, having immediately noticed the major institutional and financial difficulties that the city hall was facing; difficulties that made it impossible to build a City Hall, a new cemetery, roads and water networks for the county. A gradual asphyxia related to the growing budgetary needs to pay the General Board, which was responsible for the abandoned children, is felt and leads to the institutional crisis between the county and the Civil Governor, disagreements that will be added to by the inability of sending census maps of the county's population, which were fundamental to the district taxation and implementation of local and national elections. With the arrival of the Regeneration in 1851 and the subsequent nomination of the new Civil Governor, firstly we have the dissolution of the city hall then, the effective suppression of the county, which was economically sustainable when compared to the data of the rest of the island. In the study, a question about the real meaning of the socalled economy of the orange, on the whole process of the ephemeral county, remains.
Description
Tese de Doutoramento, História Insular e Atlântica (séculos XV-XX) , 24 de Novembro de 2017, Universidade dos Açores.
Keywords
História Local (séc. XIX) Liberalismo Municipalismo Capelas (Açores) Açores Liberalism Azores
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Viveiros, André Manuel Pereira. "Liberalismo e municipalismo : o caso do extinto concelho das Capelas (1839-1853) na Ilha de São Miguel". 2017. 373 p.. (Tese de Doutoramento em História Insular e Atlântica (séculos XV-XX)). Ponta Delgada: Universidade dos Açores, 2016. [Consult. Dia Mês Ano]. Disponível em www:<http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/4569>.