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Red listing the flora of the Green Islands reveals high extinction risk in the Azores

2026-05-20Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas
datacite.subject.sdg15:Proteger a Vida Terrestre
dc.contributor.authorRoxo, Guilherme
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Luís
dc.contributor.authorPires Bento da Silva Elias, Rui Miguel
dc.contributor.authorCarine, Mark
dc.contributor.authorMcCartney, Ann
dc.contributor.authorBorges Silva, Lurdes da Conceição
dc.contributor.authorRego, Rúben
dc.contributor.authorSouto, Martin
dc.contributor.authorBateman, Richard
dc.contributor.authorTavares de Moura, Mónica Maria
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-22T13:22:16Z
dc.date.available2026-06-22T13:22:16Z
dc.date.issued2026-05-20
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT: Oceanic islands are global biodiversity hotspots, yet they face disproportionate risks of species extinction. The Azores archipelago holds a unique flora composed of 94 endemic vascular plant taxa (species and subspecies) that are strictly endemic to the Azores, which represents about 32% of the native vascular flora. Here, we present the first comprehensive IUCN Red List assessment of the Azorean endemic vascular flora, based on more than 10,600 curated occurrence records, herbaria specimens, and recent field surveys. We found that nearly 60% of assessed taxa are threatened with extinction, Endangered being the most frequent IUCN category. Two species are confirmed Extinct, and 12 taxa remain Data Deficient due to unresolved taxonomy. The Red List Index (RLI) for Azorean endemics was calculated at 0.602, indicating a concerning level of extinction risk and, importantly, providing a reference point for monitoring future changes in conservation status. Spatial analysis revealed that endemic taxa richness is highly uneven, with most areas hosting few or no endemics. Notably, 12 hotspots occur outside the current protected area network, leaving key refuges for endemic taxa unprotected. These findings underscore the urgent need to expand legal protection, prioritise the management of invasive taxa, restore degraded habitats, and integrate newly described taxa into conservation frameworks. By establishing a baseline for monitoring extinction risk, this study provides a critical tool to guide conservation action in the Azores, and contributes to broader efforts to safeguard the unique natural heritage of oceanic islands.eng
dc.identifier.citationRoxo, G., Silva, L., Elias, R. B., Pereira, D., Carine, M., McCartney, A. M., Borges Silva, L., Rego, R. M. C., Souto, M., Bateman, R. M. & Moura, M. (2026) Red listing the flora of the Green Islands reveals high extinction risk in the Azores. Scientific Reports, in press.
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-026-52252-w
dc.identifier.eissn2045-2322
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/8990
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherNature Portfolio
dc.relationFEDER - eAZFlora project [ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000007]
dc.relationAzores 2020 Operational Programme - eAZFlora project [ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000007]
dc.relationMACFLOR2 project [MAC2/4.6d/386] - the INTERREG MAC 2014–2020 Cooperation Programme
dc.relationFCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - project UID/50027/2025 - Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva
dc.relationDRCID (M1.1.A/FUNC.UI&D/015/2025/RTF/001/Apoio UI&D)
dc.relationUNESCO Chair – Land Within Sea: Biodiversity & Sustainability in Atlantic Islands
dc.relationLIFE IP AZORES NATURA (LIFE17 IPE/PT/000010) - European Union under the LIFE Programme
dc.relationProject P03601 - Award Number AVBE-00067
dc.relationPhD studentship grant [2023.01064.BD] - FCT
dc.relationFCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - 2023.01064.BD - https://doi.org/10.54499/2023.01064.BD
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-52252-w
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectAzores
dc.subjectBiodiversity Hotspots
dc.subjectConservation
dc.subjectEndemic Taxa
dc.subjectIUCN Red List
dc.subjectPolicy Making
dc.titleRed listing the flora of the Green Islands reveals high extinction risk in the Azoreseng
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage42
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleScientific Reports
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameRoxo
person.familyNameSilva
person.familyNamePires Bento da Silva Elias
person.familyNameBorges Silva
person.familyNameRego
person.familyNameTavares de Moura
person.givenNameGuilherme
person.givenNameLuís
person.givenNameRui Miguel
person.givenNameLurdes da Conceição
person.givenNameRúben
person.givenNameMónica Maria
person.identifierB-9055-2018
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person.identifier.scopus-author-id7006549169
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7006262736
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