Loading...
Publication
Modelação hidrológica distribuída em regiões insulares vulcânicas : aplicação à bacia hidrográfica da Grota do Tapete, ilha Terceira, Açores
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9.41 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O propósito deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma ferramenta de modelação distribuída da hidrologia de superfície em regiões insulares vulcânicas, que foi denominado MHIDRIV. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se geração de um modelo hidrológico e na sua integração num Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), que serviu de plataforma para a modelação hidrológica distribuída, aplicada à bacia hidrográfica da Grota do Tapete, Ilha Terceira, Açores. No decurso deste trabalho, foi efetuada uma avaliação quantitativa diária dos parâmetros hidrometeorológicos, distribuídos para a bacia hidrográfica da Grota do Tapete, em função das variáveis climáticas (precipitação, temperatura, humidade, insolação diária real e velocidade do vento), variáveis do solo (caracterização física e hidrológica) e características à superfície (ocupação do solo), reproduzindo os processos essenciais do transporte de água das diferentes fases do ciclo hidrológico. Foi criada uma carta de bacias hidrográficas da Ilha Terceira, com uma resolução espacial de 25 x 25 m2. O modelo desenvolvido foi aplicado na bacia referida, utilizando os dados das estações agrometeorológicas para estudo da erosão do solo instaladas na Granja e Ribeirinha e das estações do Castelinho e Bicas de Cabo Verde. O modelo hidrológico resultou na criação das cartas diárias de precipitação, evapotranspiração de referência, evapotranspiração real distribuídas para a bacia referida. Para efetuar a modelação distribuída do escoamento superficial, que resultou na geração de cartas com resolução temporal diária para a bacia, foi integrado um modelo empírico do Soil Conservation Service (SCS), baseado no número de escoamento (CN), que foi calibrado e validado para a bacia. O balanço hídrico foi realizado em função da infiltração profunda, tendo sido criadas cartas deste parâmetro com resolução temporal diária para a bacia. Para a calibração da variação espacial das variáveis climáticas foram utilizados os valores registados nas estações referidas, para o ano de 2008. A calibração dos parâmetros hidrológicos do solo foi efetuada com base na sub-bacia hidrográfica da Granja localizada no interior da bacia hidrográfica da Grota do Tapete. A validação do modelo foi efetuada para o ano 2008, tendo-se recorrido a um inquérito à população autóctone que vive junto à Grota do Tapete, relativamente ao seu escoamento.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to develop a spatially distributed hydrological modelling tool to be applied in volcanic insular regions, which was called MHIDRIV. The methodology used was based on the generation of a hydrological model and its integration into a Geographic Information System (GIS), which served as a platform for distributed hydrological modelling, applied to the Grota do Tapete watershed, Terceira Island, Azores. During this study, was performed a quantitative assessment of daily hydrometeorological parameters, distributed to the referred watershed, depending on climatic variables (precipitation, temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind speed), soil variables (physical and hydrological characterization) and surface characteristics (land use), reproducing the essential processes of water transport of the different phases of the hydrological cycle. The Terceira Island watersheds map was created, with a spatial resolution of 25 x 25 m2. The developed model was applied on the referred watershed, using data from meteorological stations to study soil erosion installed in Granja and Ribeirinha and Castelinho and Bicas de Cabo Verde stations. The hydrologic model resulted in the creation of maps of daily precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, real evapotranspiration distributed for the referred watershed. To make the distributed modelling of runoff, which resulted in the generation of maps with daily temporal resolution for the basin, an empirical model was built based on the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method, witch is based on the curve number (CN). This modelling was calibrated and validated for the referred watershed. The water balance was made based on infiltration, whose daily maps where generated for the referred watershed. The values from the year 2008 recorded at the referred stations where used to calibrate the spatial variation of climatic variables. The calibration of the soil hydrological parameters was based on the Granja sub-basin which is located within the Grota do Tapete watershed. The model validation was performed for the year 2008, and query was performed with the indigenous population that lives near Grota do Tapete waterline regarding its runoff.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to develop a spatially distributed hydrological modelling tool to be applied in volcanic insular regions, which was called MHIDRIV. The methodology used was based on the generation of a hydrological model and its integration into a Geographic Information System (GIS), which served as a platform for distributed hydrological modelling, applied to the Grota do Tapete watershed, Terceira Island, Azores. During this study, was performed a quantitative assessment of daily hydrometeorological parameters, distributed to the referred watershed, depending on climatic variables (precipitation, temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind speed), soil variables (physical and hydrological characterization) and surface characteristics (land use), reproducing the essential processes of water transport of the different phases of the hydrological cycle. The Terceira Island watersheds map was created, with a spatial resolution of 25 x 25 m2. The developed model was applied on the referred watershed, using data from meteorological stations to study soil erosion installed in Granja and Ribeirinha and Castelinho and Bicas de Cabo Verde stations. The hydrologic model resulted in the creation of maps of daily precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, real evapotranspiration distributed for the referred watershed. To make the distributed modelling of runoff, which resulted in the generation of maps with daily temporal resolution for the basin, an empirical model was built based on the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method, witch is based on the curve number (CN). This modelling was calibrated and validated for the referred watershed. The water balance was made based on infiltration, whose daily maps where generated for the referred watershed. The values from the year 2008 recorded at the referred stations where used to calibrate the spatial variation of climatic variables. The calibration of the soil hydrological parameters was based on the Granja sub-basin which is located within the Grota do Tapete watershed. The model validation was performed for the year 2008, and query was performed with the indigenous population that lives near Grota do Tapete waterline regarding its runoff.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente.
Keywords
Modelação Hidrológica Distribuída Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) Ilha Terceira (Açores) Açores Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Geographic Information System (GIS) Terceira Island (Azores) Azores
Citation
Nunes, Sandra de Jesus Ornelas – "Modelação hidrológica distribuída em regiões insulares vulcânicas : aplicação à bacia hidrográfica da Grota do Tapete, ilha Terceira, Açores". Angra do Heroísmo : Universidade dos Açores. 2012. [15], 261 p.. Dissertação de Mestrado.