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Dietary Exposure to Toxic Metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) from Cereals Marketed in Madeira and the Azores

2023Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorRubio, Carmen
dc.contributor.authorGutiérrez, Angel J.
dc.contributor.authorHardisson, Arturo
dc.contributor.authorMartín, Verónica
dc.contributor.authorRevert, Consuelo
dc.contributor.authorPestana Fernandes, Paulo Jorge
dc.contributor.authorHorta Lopes, David
dc.contributor.authorPaz-Montelongo, Soraya
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-24T15:02:47Z
dc.date.available2024-01-24T15:02:47Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT: Cereals and cereal-based foods continue to be basic foods in all diets. Despite being known for their high nutritional value; they can also contain contaminants (hazards) such as toxic metals. This study assesses the Cd, Pb and Hg dietary exposure from cereals and derivatives marketed in Madeira and the Azores and characterizes the risks by evaluating the Cd and Hg intake contributions to the tolerable intakes and by estimating the Margin of Exposure (MOE) in the case of Pb. In Madeira, metals follow the descending order of Cd > Pb > Hg. Cd stands out as having the highest levels (0.307 mg Cd/kg in oats; 0.237 mg/kg in rye). High levels of Pb (0.347 mg/kg) were also detected in rye. Regarding total mercury, rice stands out (0.0013 mg/kg) followed by wheat (0.001 mg/kg). While all cereals and derivatives except maize consumed in Madeira exceed the maximum value of Cd allowed by the EU, 50.0% of the rye and 25.0% of the corn flour samples exceeded the European Pb limit. The daily consumption of 100 g of oats, rye flour and rye represent high contributions to the TWI of Cd (93.2 – 120%). The MOE values of Pb from the consumption of rye (100 g/day) are 1,294 (nephrotoxic effects) and 3,082 (cardiotoxic effects). In the Azores, corn flour (0.72 mg Pb/kg) stands out with 85.7% of the samples exceeding the maximum Pb EU limit and MOE values of 626 (nephrotoxic effects) and 1,490 (cardiotoxic effects). Regular daily consumption of corn flour makes a low (< 10%) contribution to the Cd TDI. In conclusion, the Pb exposure from the consumption of cereals and derivatives could have toxic effects such as nephrotoxicity or cardiotoxicity in adults. The results highlight the need to set up monitoring and surveillance programs for the safety of cereals and their derivatives in Madeira and the Azores in terms of lead and cadmium.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationRubio, C., Gutiérrez, A. J., Hardisson, A., Martín, V., Revert, C., Fernandes, P. J. P., Lopes, D. H., & Paz-Montelongo, S. (2023). Dietary exposure to toxic metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) from cereals marketed in Madeira and the Azores. "Biological Trace Elements Research", 201(12), 5861-5870. DOI:10.1007/s12011-023-03643-xpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s12011-023-03643-xpt_PT
dc.identifier.eissn1559-0720
dc.identifier.issn0163-4984
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/6901
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherSpringerpt_PT
dc.relationPrograma de Cooperación INTERREG V-A EspañaPortugal MAC (Madeira-Azores-Canarias) 2014–2020 grant number MAC/1.1a/049pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectCereaispt_PT
dc.subjectMetalspt_PT
dc.subjectRisk Exposure Assessmentpt_PT
dc.subjectMadeirapt_PT
dc.subjectAzorespt_PT
dc.titleDietary Exposure to Toxic Metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) from Cereals Marketed in Madeira and the Azorespt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.conferencePlaceUnited Statespt_PT
oaire.citation.endPage5870pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue12pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage5861pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleBiological Trace Element Researchpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume201pt_PT
person.familyNameRubio
person.familyNameGutiérrez
person.familyNameHardisson
person.familyNameRevert
person.familyNameHorta Lopes
person.givenNameCarmen
person.givenNameAngel J.
person.givenNameArturo
person.givenNameConsuelo
person.givenNameDavid
person.identifier1524930
person.identifier.ciencia-id4A11-1CA3-AF88
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7582-3875
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1581-0850
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5760-4687
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3976-0993
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3057-5871
person.identifier.ridF-3125-2016
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35324298300
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery035a1baf-30a8-4830-8de7-1861f8097ed9

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