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Perigos geológicos, ordenamento do território e planeamento de emergência no concelho de Braga (Portugal): elementos para a mitigação de riscos geológicos
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A inclusão dos perigos naturais no planeamento de emergência e ordenamento do território é essencial em contextos urbanos e rurais. O crescimento populacional e a consequente urbanização podem provocar aumento das ocorrências registadas. De modo a garantir a segurança da população e diminuir as ocorrências é essencial um conhecimento da suscetibilidade dos riscos geológicos.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar os elementos expostos do concelho de Braga comparativamente aos perigos geológicos, como cheias, movimentos de vertente e sismos. A importância deste tema vem da necessidade de apresentar soluções para lidar com o grande número de ocorrências naturais que afetam a cidade.
De modo a atingir os objetivos utilizaram-se softwares de informação geográfica, para criação de mapas temáticos para a área em estudo. Foram compilados locais de ocorrência dos perigos geológicos analisados, a partir de consulta histórica nos meios de comunicação tanto digitais como físicos.
A analise efetuada permitiu perceber que as ocorrências de cheias e inundações ocorrem em maioria no centro da cidade, devido à existência de maior volume de solo urbanizado e consequentemente mais população. Relativamente aos movimentos de vertente, verifica-se o oposto uma vez que a zona mais suscetível se situa na periferia, em locais de maior declive. Por último, quanto aos sismos, a cidade enquadra-se numa zona de intensidade sísmica nível VI, não apresentando grande número de ocorrências com epicentros gerados no interior do concelho.
As cheias e inundações apresentam maior relevância pois registam ocorrências mais frequentes e próximos de grandes aglomerados populacionais, portanto de forma a diminuir a periodicidade e os danos causados foram apresentadas várias medidas de mitigação, umas que requerem maior logística e recursos e outras menos dispendiosas. Apesar dos outros perigos não serem tão significativos, foram apresentados também algumas medidas de mitigação.
ABSTRACT: Including natural hazards in emergency planning and land use planning is essential in both urban and rural contexts. Population growth and consequent urbanization can lead to an increase in recorded incidents. To ensure the safety of the population and reduce occurrences, knowledge of the susceptibility to geological risks is crucial. The main objective of this work is to analyze the exposed elements of the Braga municipality in comparison to geological hazards, such as floods, landslides, and earthquakes. The importance of this topic stems from the need to present solutions to deal with the large number of natural occurrences that affect the city. To achieve the objectives, geographic information software was used to create thematic maps for the study area. The locations of the analyzed geological hazards were compiled from historical consultations in both digital and physical media. The analysis carried out showed that occurrences of floods and inundations mostly happen in the city center, due to the presence of a larger volume of urbanized soil and consequently more population. Regarding landslides, the opposite is observed, as the most susceptible area is located on the periphery, in places with greater slopes. Lastly, regarding earthquakes, the city falls within a seismic intensity level VI zone, not presenting a large number of occurrences with epicenters generated within the municipality. Floods and inundations are of greater relevance as they record more frequent occurrences and are closer to large population clusters. Therefore, to reduce the frequency and damage caused, several mitigation measures were presented, some requiring more logistics and resources and others less costly. Although the other dangers are not as significant, some mitigation measures were also presented.
ABSTRACT: Including natural hazards in emergency planning and land use planning is essential in both urban and rural contexts. Population growth and consequent urbanization can lead to an increase in recorded incidents. To ensure the safety of the population and reduce occurrences, knowledge of the susceptibility to geological risks is crucial. The main objective of this work is to analyze the exposed elements of the Braga municipality in comparison to geological hazards, such as floods, landslides, and earthquakes. The importance of this topic stems from the need to present solutions to deal with the large number of natural occurrences that affect the city. To achieve the objectives, geographic information software was used to create thematic maps for the study area. The locations of the analyzed geological hazards were compiled from historical consultations in both digital and physical media. The analysis carried out showed that occurrences of floods and inundations mostly happen in the city center, due to the presence of a larger volume of urbanized soil and consequently more population. Regarding landslides, the opposite is observed, as the most susceptible area is located on the periphery, in places with greater slopes. Lastly, regarding earthquakes, the city falls within a seismic intensity level VI zone, not presenting a large number of occurrences with epicenters generated within the municipality. Floods and inundations are of greater relevance as they record more frequent occurrences and are closer to large population clusters. Therefore, to reduce the frequency and damage caused, several mitigation measures were presented, some requiring more logistics and resources and others less costly. Although the other dangers are not as significant, some mitigation measures were also presented.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado, Vulcanologia e Riscos Geológicos, 10 de maio de 2025, Universidade dos Açores.
Keywords
Braga Mitigação Perigos Planeamento Proteção Civil Riscos
Pedagogical Context
Citation
FREITAS, Paulo da. (2024). "Perigos geológicos, ordenamento do território e planeamento de emergência no concelho de Braga (Portugal): elementos para a mitigação de riscos geológicos". Ponta Delgada: Universidade dos Açores, 2024, 153 p. Dissertação de Mestrado em Vulcanologia e Riscos Geológicos. Disponível em http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/8775