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Turismo e emprego nos Açores : uma abordagem com contas satélite
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Abstract(s)
O turismo é considerado um importante impulsionador da economia dos países, pois para além de melhorar o desempenho da Balança de Pagamentos, aumenta o Valor Acrescentado Bruto (VAB) e o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) e dinamiza a atividade económica, através, essencialmente, da criação de emprego. Perante o acréscimo significativo do turismo em Portugal, em especial nos Açores, surgiu o interesse de se analisar a evolução dos postos de trabalho no arquipélago ao longo dos anos. Definiu-se como objetivo chegar a estimativas do emprego turístico na região, que não se encontra dotada de dados desta natureza, considerando o período temporal de 2001 a 2017.
Utilizando-se dados nacionais e aproveitando o detalhe setorial fornecido pela conta do emprego apresentada nas Contas Satélite do Turismo (CST), que discrimina os postos de trabalho turísticos por atividades características, admitiram-se dois métodos de estimação: o primeiro consiste na formulação de um modelo de regressão linear, enquanto o outro usa como referência o rácio nacional entre o emprego no turismo e a população ativa.
Apesar das limitações na obtenção de informação e da admissão de fortes pressupostos, chegam-se a duas séries de dados hipotéticos, com os quais se compilam intervalos de variação, que balizam o número de postos de trabalho turísticos por atividade nos Açores. Conclui-se que o emprego turístico regional aumentou consideravelmente - embora de forma menos proporcional comparativamente ao crescimento do turismo -, destacando-se os anos após 2013, sendo o setor da restauração a atividade que mais indivíduos emprega.
ABSTRACT: Tourism is considered to be an important booster of the economy of countries, since, in addition to improving the performance of the Balance of Payments, it increases Gross Value Added (GVA) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and stimulates the economic activity, essentially through job creation. Due to the significant increase of tourism in Portugal, especially in the Azores, the interest in analyzing the evolution of jobs in the archipelago over the years has arised. The objective was to arrive at estimates of tourism employment in the region, which is not endowed with data of this nature, considering the time period from 2001 to 2017. Using national data and taking advantage of the sectoral detail provided by the employment account presented in the Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA), which discriminates tourism jobs by characteristic activities, two methods of estimation were admitted: the first one consists in the formulation of a linear regression model, while the other uses the national ratio between tourism employment and the active population as a reference. Despite the limitations in obtaining the information and the admission of strong assumptions, two sets of hypothetical data were obtained. With the results, it was drawn up a table with intervals of variation, which mark the number of jobs in tourism by activity in the Azores. It is concluded that regional tourism employment has increased considerably - although in a less proportional way comparing to the growth of tourism -, highlighting the years following 2013, having the restaurant sector as the activity that employs more individuals.
ABSTRACT: Tourism is considered to be an important booster of the economy of countries, since, in addition to improving the performance of the Balance of Payments, it increases Gross Value Added (GVA) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and stimulates the economic activity, essentially through job creation. Due to the significant increase of tourism in Portugal, especially in the Azores, the interest in analyzing the evolution of jobs in the archipelago over the years has arised. The objective was to arrive at estimates of tourism employment in the region, which is not endowed with data of this nature, considering the time period from 2001 to 2017. Using national data and taking advantage of the sectoral detail provided by the employment account presented in the Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA), which discriminates tourism jobs by characteristic activities, two methods of estimation were admitted: the first one consists in the formulation of a linear regression model, while the other uses the national ratio between tourism employment and the active population as a reference. Despite the limitations in obtaining the information and the admission of strong assumptions, two sets of hypothetical data were obtained. With the results, it was drawn up a table with intervals of variation, which mark the number of jobs in tourism by activity in the Azores. It is concluded that regional tourism employment has increased considerably - although in a less proportional way comparing to the growth of tourism -, highlighting the years following 2013, having the restaurant sector as the activity that employs more individuals.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Económicas e Empresariais, 20 de fevereiro de 2019, Universidade dos Açores.
Keywords
Emprego Conta Satélite do Turismo (CST) Turismo Açores Employment Tourism Tourism Satellite Account Azores
Citation
Maciel, Raquel Ferreira. "Turismo e emprego nos Açores: uma abordagem com contas satélite". 2019. 101 p.. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Económicas e Empresariais). Ponta Delgada: Universidade dos Açores, 2018. [Consult. Dia Mês Ano]. Disponível em www:<http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/5060>.