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- Evaluating the combined effect of climate and anthropogenic stressors on marine coastal ecosystems: Insights from a systematic review of cumulative impact assessment approachesPublication . Simeoni, Christian; Furlan, Elisa; Pham, Hoang-Vuong; Critto, Andrea; de Juan, Silvia; Trégarot, Ewan; Cornet, Cindy C.; Meesters, Erik; Fonseca, Catarina; Botelho, A.Z.; Krause, Torsten; N'Guetta, Alicia; Cordova, Fabiola Espinoza; Failler, Pierre; Marcomini, AntonioABSTRACT: Cumulative impacts increasingly threaten marine and coastal ecosystems. To address this issue, the research community has invested efforts on designing and testing different methodological approaches and tools that apply cumulative impact appraisal schemes for a sound evaluation of the complex interactions and dynamics among multiple pressures affecting marine and coastal ecosystems. Through an iterative scientometric and systematic literature review, this paper provides the state of the art of cumulative impact assessment approaches and applications. It gives a specific attention to cutting-edge approaches that explore and model inter-relations among climatic and anthropogenic pressures, vulnerability and resilience of marine and coastal ecosystems to these pressures, and the resulting changes in ecosystem services flow. Despite recent advances in computer sciences and the rising availability of big data for environmental monitoring and management, this literature review evidenced that the implementation of advanced complex system methods for cumulative risk assessment remains limited. Moreover, experts have only recently started integrating ecosystem services flow into cumulative impact appraisal frameworks, but more as a general assessment endpoint within the overall evaluation process (e.g. changes in the bundle of ecosystem services against cumulative impacts). The review also highlights a lack of integrated approaches and complex tools able to frame, explain, and model spatio-temporal dynamics of marine and coastal ecosystems' response to multiple pressures, as required under relevant EU legislation (e.g., Water Framework and Marine Strategy Framework Directives). Progress in understanding cumulative impacts, exploiting the functionalities of more sophisticated machine learning-based approaches (e.g., big data integration), will support decision-makers in the achievement of environmental and sustainability objectives.
- Informing implementation of Nature-based Solutions in marine and coastal environments: the MaCoBioS Blue NBS ToolboxPublication . Casal, Gema; Fonseca, Catarina; Allegri, Elena; Bianconi, Angelica; Boyd, Emily; CORNET, Cindy; Juan, Silvia; Córdova, Fabiola; Furlan, Elisa; Freire Gil, Artur José; Krausen, Torsten; Maréchal, Jena-Philippe; McCarthy, Tim; Özkiper, Ozan; Pérez, Géraldine; Pham, Hung; Roberts, Callum; Simide, Rémy; Simeoni, Christian; Taylor, Daisy; Tiengo, Rafaela; Trégarot, Ewan; Uchôa, Jéssica; O'Leary, Bethan C; Geneletti, DavideABSTRACT: Interconnected societal challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss and food security demand immediate and coordinated action across local to global scales, guided by coherent policies and management mechanisms. Reflecting on the critical need to address societal challenges, Nature-based Solutions in marine and coastal environments, known as blue NBS, have emerged as an important part of the response strategy. Blue NBS integrate actions to protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems while managing human impacts, embedding nature and people into decision-making through multifaceted approaches. However, blue NBS implementation trails terrestrial NBS. To effectively inform blue NBS implementation, research must produce actionable science that is relevant, timely and usable, requiring collaboration and active knowledge exchange across the science-policy-practitioner interface. Working with stakeholders, we developed the MaCoBioS Blue NBS Toolbox to begin addressing some of the barriers facing blue NBS implementation. Containing a collection of multi-disciplinary, scientifically-grounded and stakeholder-informed tools and products, the toolbox guides practitioners through different stages of blue NBS implementation. This toolbox provides an important initial set of resources to support the design and implementation of effective blue NBS and pave the way for further collaborative work to operationalise these tools in different social-ecological contexts.