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- The MOVECLIM – AZORES project: Bryophytes from Terceira Island along an elevation gradientPublication . Gabriel, Rosalina; Morgado, Leila; Henriques, Debora; Coelho, Márcia; Hernández-Hernández, Raquel; Borges, Paulo A. V.Systematic studies on the biodiversity of bryophytes along elevational gradients have been conductuted within the native vegetation of the Azores, using the MOVECLIM framework. The primary objective of this study was to inventory the bryophytes present within preserved areas of native vegetation in Terceira Island (Azores). From 25 to 28 September 2012, an inventory of the bryoflora was carried out along an elevational gradient, starting near Serreta lighthouse (38.76658 Latitude; -27.37539 Longitude; 40 m a.s.l.) and culminating on the top of Santa Bárbara Mountain (38.73064 Latitude; -27.32164 Longitude; 1000 m a.s.l.). The study followed the adapted MOVECLIM standardised protocol, as follows: i) six sites were selected along an elevational transect, each site spaced at 200 m elevation intervals; ii) within each site, two 10 m x 10 m plots were established in close proximity from each other (10-15 m); iii) within these plots, three 2 m x 2 m quadrats were randomly selected and sampled for bryophytes. The following substrates were surveyed in each quadrat: rock, soil, humus, organic matter, tree bark at three different heights and leaves/fronds. For each available and bryophyte-colonised substrate, three replicate microplots of 10 cm x 5 cm were collected, resulting in a maximum of 24 microplots per quadrat. New information Nearly three-quarters of the maximum expected number of microplots (636 out of 864; eventID) were found across the six sites on Terceira Island, resulting in a total of 3677 records (occurrenceID). A high proportion of the specimens could be identified to the species rank (n = 3661; 99.6%), representing 38 families, 60 genera and 92 species, including 58 species of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and 34 species of mosses (Bryophyta). The inventory included several endemic species: two liverwort species endemic to the Azores, five species endemic to Macaronesia (three mosses and two liverworts) and 11 European endemic species (three mosses and eight liverworts). The elevations with the highest species richness, the highest number of endemic species and the highest number of conservation concern species, spanned between 600 and 1000 m a.s.l. above sea level, coinciding with the best preserved forest vegetation. Overall, tree-dwelling and ground-dwelling substrates showed similar levels of bryophyte occupation (75% vs. 72%). However, the 636 events were unevenly distributed across substrates: leaves and rocks had the fewest replicates (n = 54; 50.0%), while humus and the lowest tree height had the highest values (n = 106; 98.1% and n = 98; 90.7%, respectively).
- Apicultura em ambiente insular – Aliar a produção com a conservação da natureza.Publication . Morgado, Leila; Boieiro, MárioA apicultura é uma atividade que engloba a criação racional e o bem-estar das abelhas-do-mel (Apis mellifera L.), a polinização de diferentes espécies cultivadas e a comercialização de produtos apícolas, tais como mel, pólen, própolis, cera, geleia real e apitoxina (substância extraída do veneno da abelha). Além disso, esta atividade está inserida no conceito da sustentabilidade, pois associa o maneio das colónias aos ciclos biológicos das abelhas e da natureza, a produção de alimentos naturais e saudáveis e o aumento dos rendimentos familiares para as populações locais, com a comercialização dos produtos apícolas e agrícolas. Nos Açores, a criação das abelhas-do-mel tem vindo a crescer nos últimos anos, principalmente com a elaboração do Plano Estratégico para a Apicultura nos Açores (2020-2029), que tem como principal objetivo apoiar a implementação de políticas públicas dirigidas ao setor apícola, impulsionando o seu desenvolvimento sustentável nas ilhas.
- The MOVECLIM – AZORES project: Bryophytes from Pico Island along an elevation gradientPublication . Gabriel, Rosalina; Morgado, Leila; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Coelho, Márcia; Aranda, Silvia; Henriques, Debora; Sérgio, Cecília; HESPANHOL, HELENA; Pereira, Fernando; Sim-Sim, Manuela; Ah-Peng, ClaudineBackground In September 2012, a comprehensive survey of Pico Island was conducted along an elevational transect, starting at Manhenha (10 m a.s.l.) and culminating at the Pico Mountain caldera (2200 m a.s.l.). The primary objective was to systematically inventory the bryophytes inhabiting the best-preserved areas of native vegetation environments. Twelve sites were selected, each spaced at 200 m elevation intervals. Within each site, two 10 m x 10 m plots were established in close proximity (10-15 m apart). Within these plots, three 2 m x 2 m quadrats were randomly selected and sampled for bryophytes using microplots measuring 10 cm x 5 cm, which were then collected into paper bags. Six substrates were surveyed in each quadrat: rock, soil, humus, organic matter, tree bark and leaves/fronds. Three replicates were obtained from all substrates available and colonised by bryophytes, resulting in a maximum of 18 microplots per quadrat, 54 microplots per plot, 108 microplots per site, and a total of 1296 microplots across the 12 sites on Pico Island. New information Two-thirds of the maximum expected number of microplots (n = 878; 67.75%) were successfully collected, yielding a total of 4896 specimens. The vast majority (n = 4869) were identified at the species/subspecies level. The study identified a total of 70 moss and 71 liverwort species or subspecies. Elevation levels between 600-1000 m a.s.l., particularly in the native forest plots, exhibited both a higher number of microplots and greater species richness. This research significantly enhanced our understanding of Azorean bryophyte diversity and distribution, contributing valuable insights at both local and regional scales. Notably, two new taxa for the Azores were documented during the MOVECLIM study, namely the pleurocarpous mosses Antitrichia curtipendula and Isothecium interludens.
- Integrating plot-based methods for monitoring biodiversity in island habitats under the scope of BIODIVERSA+ project BioMonI: Tree monitoring in Terceira, Tenerife and Réunion IslandsPublication . Borges, P.A.V.; Nunes Morgado, Leila; Gabriel, Rosalina; Pires Bento da Silva Elias, Rui Miguel; Gauche, Miharisoa; Ah-Peng, Claudine; Otto, Rüdiger; de Nascimento, Lea; Strasberg, Dominique; Guerrero-Ramírez. Nathaly; Kreft, Holger; Fernández-Palacios, José María; Soares, AntónioABSTRACT: Oceanic islands are globally recognised for their exceptional levels of biodiversity and endemism, often resulting from unique evolutionary processes in isolated environments. However, this biodiversity is also disproportionately threatened by anthropogenic pressures including habitat loss, invasive species and climate change. Targeted, long-term biodiversity monitoring is essential for detecting changes in these vulnerable ecosystems and providing information for conservation strategies. The EU BIODIVERSA + project BioMonI aims at building a global long-term monitoring network specifically tailored to the pressing needs of biodiversity conservation and monitoring on islands. In BioMonI, we use a novel approach that considers mapping previous and current monitoring schemes on islands, developing a harmonised monitoring scheme for island biodiversity and mobilising existing monitoring data. We are assembling data from BioMonI-Plot, a long-term vegetation plot network to understand biodiversity and ecosystem change. It will use baseline data from three focal archipelagos (Azores, Canary Islands and Mascarenes), but we aim to mobilise data from archipelagos worldwide. Plot-based data are a cornerstone of effective biodiversity monitoring on islands. These standardised data collections within permanent plots allow for consistent, replicable observations across temporal and spatial scales. Initiatives like the Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS) highlight the value of permanent plots in capturing ecological gradients and anthropogenic disturbance patterns. Such data underpin the detection of subtle shifts in community composition, functional diversity and species distributions, which are critical for assessing the effectiveness of conservation actions and predicting future ecological scenarios. In summary, plot-based data are indispensable for targeted and effective biodiversity monitoring on islands. They provide the empirical backbone necessary to provide information for adaptive management strategies and contribute to global biodiversity targets.
- Dataset on bryophyte species distribution across an elevational gradient on Flores IslandPublication . Gabriel, Rosalina; Nunes Morgado, Leila; Poponessi, Silvia; Henriques, Debora; Coelho, Márcia; Silveira, Gabriela; Pereira, Fernando; Borges, P.A.V.; Guerrero-Ramírez, NathalyABSTRACT: A bryophyte diversity survey was carried out from July 29 to 1 August 2013, in Santa Cruz das Flores, Flores Island (Azores) (39.471185 N Latitude; -31.184692 W Longitude), along an elevational gradient (70, 200, 400, 600 and 800 m a.s.l.). The study employed the Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS) protocol for bryophytes. At each elevation level, three replicates of six substrates colonised by bryophytes (rock, soil, humus, dead wood, tree trunks, leaves) were collected. In total, 385 sampling events generated 1345 species occurrence records, representing 89 bryophyte species (37 mosses; 52 liverworts).
- Diversity and Distribution of Bryophytes Along an Altitudinal Gradient on Flores Island (Azores, Portugal)Publication . Gabriel, Rosalina; Nunes Morgado, Leila; Poponessi, Silvia; Henriques, Debora; Coelho, Márcia; Silveira, Gabriela; Borges, P.A.V.; Zechmeister, HaraldABSTRACT: Altitudinal gradients offer powerful natural frameworks to investigate how environmental factors shape biodiversity, especially on young oceanic volcanic islands where short spatial distances encompass sharp climatic transitions. This study documents bryophyte diversity and examines how elevation, substrate, and environmental variables influence the structure of bryophyte communities on Flores Island (Azores). Across five sites and 385 microplots, 89 species from 37 families were recorded, with liverworts predominating (liverwort-to-moss ratio of 1.41). Species richness and abundance followed a unimodal pattern, peaking at mid-elevations (400–600 m a.s.l.), where humid and thermally stable conditions favor the coexistence of lowland and montane taxa. Even modest altitudinal shifts corresponded to pronounced turnover in community composition, revealing strong ecological filtering along the gradient. Substrate type further influenced diversity patterns, with liverworts dominating epiphytic and lignicolous habitats, while mosses were more diverse on terricolous and rupicolous substrates. The presence of several Azorean and Macaronesian endemics, including threatened taxa, highlights the conservation importance of mid-elevation habitats. Overall, these results show that fine-scale altitudinal variation generates substantial ecological differentiation, underscoring the role of montane forests as refugia for hygrophilous and endemic bryophytes and as sensitive indicators of environmental change in island ecosystems.