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- Advanced practice nursing in Portugal – Where do we stand?Publication . Nunes, Patrícia Fonseca; Almeida, Armando; Tavares, Márcio; Gomes, Luís; Soares, HéliaA força de trabalho na saúde em Portugal tem sido descrita como uma combinação ineficiente de recursos, impactando a produtividade e o acesso aos serviços de saúde. Para resolver estas questões, diversos intervenientes têm defendido a implementação da Prática Avançada de Enfermagem (PAE) para fortalecer o papel dos enfermeiros e melhorar a prestação de cuidados. Objetivo: Analisar a relevância, pertinência, viabilidade, principais barreiras e facilitadores da implementação da PAE em Portugal. Métodos: Foi realizada uma scoping review nas bases de dados CINAHL, MEDLINE Complete, PubMed e ScienceDirect para artigos revistos por pares, em inglês e português, publicados após 2000, sobre configurações de recursos humanos na saúde e expansão do papel dos enfermeiros em Portugal. A pesquisa foi complementada com uma revisão de literatura cinzenta. Resultados: Foram analisados 59 artigos, 31 relatórios técnicos, sete artigos de imprensa e duas teses. Os resultados foram agrupados nos temas de conceptualização da PAE, regulamentação, barreiras e facilitadores, e financiamento. A implementação da PAE depende de consenso sobre conceptualização, regulamentação e âmbito de atuação. As principais barreiras incluem oposição médica, compromisso político limitado e falta de dados abrangentes sobre o impacto social e financeiro da PAE em Portugal. Conclusões: A implementação da Prática Avançada de Enfermagem em Portugal é relevante e necessária, embora a sua viabilidade dependa de uma liderança forte, compromisso político e consenso entre stakeholders. São necessários mais estudos para avaliar os impactos sociais e económicos da PAE no sistema de saúde português.
- Anthropogenic noise can decrease tomato reproductive success by hindering bumblebee-mediated pollinationPublication . Varga-Szilay, Zsófia; Szövényi, Gergely; Pozsgai, GaborABSTRACT: Anthropogenic noise is a little-studied type of pollution that negatively affects the physiology, nervous function and development of insects. Thereby, it has the potential to disrupt even key ecological services such as pollination. Here, we investigate the effects of anthropogenic noise on the pollination success of tomatoes pollinated by Bombus terrestris, under controlled conditions. We hypothesised that bumblebees avoid flowers exposed to noise more than flowers in non-noisy environments, leading to less efficient pollination and lower fruit quality. Three treatments were applied to randomly chosen plants and flowers in polytunnels in Hungary: noisy (with played traffic noise and allowing bumblebees to access the flowers); and two non-noisy, one allowing bumblebees and one excluding them. The flowers were bagged with nets before anthesis to prevent bumblebee visits, opened/unbagged exclusively during treatment, and re-bagged for three more days post-treatment. We recorded the market value of the fruits and the number of seeds they produced. We found no significant differences in the market value of fruits among treatments, but the number of seeds was significantly lower in the noisy treatment, suggesting that anthropogenic noise has substantial effects on bumblebee-mediated pollination. Although these effects may be mitigated by habituation, loud external noise of various machines (e.g. irrigation systems) within polytunnels is still likely to contribute to the everyday noise exposure of bumblebees and could thus potentially lead to hidden economic losses in production. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the behavioural effects of both direct and indirect noise pollution on bumblebees.
- Antiaging Potential of Lipophilic Extracts of Caulerpa proliferaPublication . Rosa, Gonçalo; Barreto, Maria do Carmo; Seca, Ana; Pinto, Diana; Jacobsen, CharlotteABSTRACT: The cosmeceutical industry has increasingly turned its attention to marine macroalgae, recognizing their significant bioactive potential as sources of natural compounds for skincare applications. A growing number of products now incorporate extracts or isolated compounds from various macroalgae species. However, many species remain underexplored, highlighting a valuable opportunity for further research. Among these, Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskål) J.V. Lamouroux has emerged as a promising candidate for cosmeceutical applications. This study provides the most comprehensive phytochemical assessment of C. prolifera to date, revealing its potential as a source of bioactive extracts and compounds. The analysis identified key components of its lipophilic profile, predominantly saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, alongside di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate—an endocrine disruptor potentially biosynthesized or bioaccumulated by the algae. While the crude extract exhibited moderate tyrosinase inhibitory activity, its overall antioxidant capacity was limited. Fractionation of the extract, however, yielded subfractions with distinct bioactivities linked to changes in chemical composition. Notably, enhanced inhibitory activities against elastase and collagenase were observed in subfractions enriched with 1-octadecanol and only traces of phthalate. Conversely, antioxidant activity diminished with the loss of specific compounds such as β-sitosterol, erucic acid, nervonic acid, and lignoceric acid. This work advances the understanding of the relationship between the chemical composition of C. prolifera and its bioactivities, emphasizing its potential as a source of cosmeceutical ingredients, leading to a more comprehensive valorization of this macroalga.
- Artificial intelligence for biodiversity: Exploring the potential of recurrent neural networks in forecasting arthropod dynamics based on time seriesPublication . Lhoumeau, Sébastien Georges André; Pinelo, João; Borges, P.A.V.ABSTRACT: In the current biodiversity crisis, the increasing demand for effective conservation tools aligns with significant advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). There is the need for the development of more robust and accurate forecasting methods, ultimately enhancing our understanding of ecological dynamics and supporting the formulation of effective conservation strategies. This research conducted a comparative analysis of Local Polynomial Regression (LOESS), Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models for time-series prediction. Using a unique Long-Term Monitoring Program for island forest arthropods (2012–2023), wherein we selected the 39 most prevalent species collected using SLAM (Sea Land Air Malaise) traps within a native forest fragment on Terceira Island in the Azores archipelago. The results indicate that RNN outperformed LOESS in terms of both goodness of fit and overall accuracy. Although RNN did not surpass classical SARIMA in data prediction, it demonstrated superior goodness-of-fit on the training dataset. Furthermore, we investigated extinction and invasion scenarios within the Terceira arthropod assemblage, providing insight into broader implications and avenues for future research. This study discusses the utility and limitations of RNN models in biodiversity conservation through various scenarios. It contributes to the ongoing discourse at the convergence of conservation, ecology, and artificial intelligence (AI), highlighting advancements and innovative solutions crucial for the effective implementation of conservation strategies.
- Assessing Temperature-Induced Changes in Arthropod Communities over One Year: A Comparative AnalysisPublication . Wallon, Sophie; Pozsgai, Gabor; Borges, P.A.V.; Pires Bento da Silva Elias, Rui Miguel; Villa, MaríaABSTRACT: Understanding how rising temperatures driven by climate change affect biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is particularly relevant in fragile island environments. Terceira Island, part of the Azorean Archipelago (Portugal) in the mid-Atlantic Ocean, was selected for an in situ experiment to assess the effects of simulated warming on arthropod diversity and grass productivity in intensively managed pastures. Over one year, we examined the influence of a simulated increase in temperature via Open Top Chambers (OTCs) on ground-dwelling arthropod assemblages and plant biomass. We used several statistical methods to analyze both individual variables and overall community patterns to explore the relationships between treatments, grass biomass, and arthropod community structure. Although the OTC treatment did not result in any significant changes to the analyzed variables, an increase in diversity indices was observed over the course of the experiment. Distance-based redundancy analysis revealed significant effects of both OTC treatment and altitude on arthropod community composition. Models showed that the analyzed variables only partially explained the observed changes. Nevertheless, additional factors, such as vegetation structure and microclimatic variation, may also contribute to the observed patterns and warrant further investigation. These results underscore the importance of long-term, multifactorial approaches to understanding interactions between warming, plant productivity, and arthropod diversity.
- Axel Honneth and the theory of recognitionPublication . Fontes, Paulo VitorinoABSTRACT: This article presents a critical reinterpretation of Axel Honneth's theory of recognition, arguing that his tripartite model—love, law, social esteem—provides the moral grammar indispensable for diagnosing contemporary social conflicts. By systematically reconstructing Honneth's synthesis of Hegel, Mead, and Winnicott, we demonstrate how struggles against disrespect—rooted in the denial of recognition—are not mere ethical protests, but the main engine of social transformation. This framework uniquely reveals why demands for identity, rights, and dignity (from feminist movements to postcolonial struggles) fundamentally challenge institutionalized patterns of misrecognition, rather than merely material interests. Consequently, we propose that Honneth's theory offers critical theory an essential normative paradigm: it shifts the analysis from economic exploitation to the moral injuries underlying systemic injustice, allowing for a more comprehensive critique of social pathologies. The article thus positions recognition as a vital conceptual tool for understanding and legitimizing emancipatory struggles in pluralistic democracies, where demands for visibility and validation drive progressive change.
- Beyond native habitats: Indigenous arthropods adapted to mid-elevations find refuge in exotic forestsPublication . Borges, Paulo; Lhoumeau, Sébastien Georges André; Oyarzabal da Silva, Guilherme; Borges, P.A.V.ABSTRACT: In island ecosystems, extensive land-use changes since human colonisation has transformed native habitats into agriculture and exotic forests, raising concerns about the long-term persistence of indigenous biodiversity. This study explores the distribution of relict populations of indigenous arthropod species in exotic forests on Terceira Island (Azores) and identifies the ecological and environmental drivers shaping their presence. Using standardized SLAM (Sea, Land, and Air Malaise) traps and pitfall traps data from native and exotic forest plots, we investigated the distribution and abundance of 85 indigenous arthropod species across 15 orders, of which 65 were recorded at least once in exotic forests. We modelled the effects of species traits and biogeographic variables on species abundance and presence in exotic forests. Elevation emerged as the dominant predictor in both models, with species associated with mid-elevation habitats (300 – 500 m a.s.l.) showing higher abundance and occurrence in exotic forests, while high-elevation specialists (above 500 m a.s.l.) were largely absent. Endemic species generally had lower relative abundances in exotic forests compared to native non-endemics, even when their overall elevational range was broad. These results suggest that species historically present in mid-elevation zones find refuge in exotic forests. While relict populations may offer a degree of resilience and restoration potential, their long-term persistence is uncertain, particularly under climate change scenarios that limit available habitat at higher elevations. Conservation strategies should therefore recognize the role of exotic forests as transitional refuges and prioritize their management and restoration of native forests, especially in non-protected and privately-owned landscapes.
- Burned Areas Mapping Using Sentinel-2 Data and a Rao’s Q Index-Based Change Detection Approach: A Case Study in Three Mediterranean Islands’ Wildfires (2019–2022)Publication . Tiengo, Rafaela; Merino de Miguel, Silvia; Uchôa, Jéssica; Guiomar, Nuno; Freire Gil, Artur José; Sprintsin, Michael; Huang, WenjiangABSTRACT: This study explores the application of remote sensing-based land cover change detection techniques to identify and map areas affected by three distinct wildfire events that occurred in Mediterranean islands between 2019 and 2022, namely Sardinia (2019, Italy), Thassos (2022, Greece), and Pantelleria (2022, Italy). Applying Rao’s Q Index-based change detection approach to Sentinel-2 spectral data and derived indices, we evaluate their effectiveness and accuracy in identifying and mapping burned areas affected by wildfires. Our methodological approach implies the processing and analysis of pre- and post-fire Sentinel-2 imagery to extract relevant indices such as the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), Mid-infrared Burn Index (MIRBI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Burned area Index for Sentinel-2 (BAIS2) and then use (the classic approach) or combine them (multidimensional approach) to detect and map burned areas by using a Rao’s Q Index-based change detection technique. The Copernicus Emergency Management System (CEMS) data were used to assess and validate all the results. The lowest overall accuracy (OA) in the classical mode was 52%, using the BAIS2 index, while in the multidimensional mode, it was 73%, combining NBR and NDVI. The highest result in the classical mode reached 72% with the MIRBI index, and in the multidimensional mode, 96%, combining MIRBI and NBR. The MIRBI and NBR combination consistently achieved the highest accuracy across all study areas, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving classification accuracy regardless of area characteristics.
- Camões, Diogo Bernardes e Faria e Sousa: as éclogas «usurpadas» e «restituídas»Publication . Fraga, Maria do Céu; Fundação Calouste GulbenkianEm 1639, Em Madrid, Manuel de Faria e Sousa publicou uma edição comentada de Os Lusíadas (aliás, no título então apresentado, que é também ele significativo de uma interpretação poética e que se mantém nos escritos subsequentes, Lusíada). Era o culminar de um trabalho de muitos anos, que, por motivos vários que explica na sua Fortuna, dera entretanto origem a um projecto mais ambicioso: a publicação de toda a obra camoniana, com comentários que permitissem a interligação dos diferentes géneros e a compreensão da obra de Camões como a de um verdadeiro Autor, num todo coerente que o tornaria de facto o «Principe de los Poetas».
- Charles Taylor’s Diagnosis of the Malaises of ModernityPublication . Fontes, Paulo VitorinoThis article is based on the work of Charles Taylor and his reconstruction of the meaning of recent modernity. The Ethics of Authenticity ([1992] 2009) is considered to be a synthesis of Taylor’s political theory, where authenticity and recognition are taken as central concepts.