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  • Does fishery management for groupers (Teleostei: Epinephelidae) protect them effectively? Context from the IUCN's Red list of threatened species
    Publication . Fennessy, Sean; Linardich, Christi; Rhodes, Kevin; Barreiros, João Pedro; Pollard, David; Sosa-Cordero, Eloy; Coleman, Felicia; Aguilar-Perera, Alfonso; Malinowski, Christopher; Brulé, Thierry; Afonso, Pedro; Ma, Kayan; Liu, Min; Menon, Muktha; Wen, Colin; Shea, Stanley; Porter, Sean; Craig, Matthew; Mitcheson, Yvonne
    ABSTRACT: Worldwide, groupers (Epinephelidae) are commercially valued fishes, which also play key ecological roles on tropical and subtropical reefs. In 2007 and 2016, the IUCN's Groupers and Wrasses Specialist Group assessed all 160+ grouper species, with 17 of these being identified as threatened in 2016 and the major threat factor being overexploitation. Our present study aimed to identify whether management measures (MMs) for previously assessed groupers were established, whether these measures aligned with IUCN's Red List categories, and whether they effectively protect grouper populations. Experts in grouper biology and management assigned scores per grouper species based on the extent to which MMs were in place and effective throughout these species' geographic ranges. Simple 4-level scores (0–3) were used to indicate the extent to which a MM was in place and how effective it was considered to be over the global distribution of each species. Of the 50 species scored, which included almost all threatened species, 97 % showed no/extremely limited/limited use of MMs, while only 3 % showed widespread/extensive use of MMs. Only 2 % of species showed highly/very effective scores for management, while 98 % showed limited/extremely limited/ineffective scores or no MMs in place. The MMs and their effectiveness were not commensurate with IUCN extinction risk levels. Overall, fishery management implemented for groupers by governments needs to be substantially improved, basic biological studies on many species are urgently required, fishing effort needs to be reduced, and regular biological and fishery monitoring conducted to evaluate the need for, and outcomes of, management. Although not all grouper species form spawning aggregations, recommendations are given to increase the protection of aggregating grouper species, in combination with well-placed Marine Protected Areas.
    2026-02-25Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto Ver mais
  • Políticas de emprego nos Açores: Uma análise na perspetiva dos residentes
    Publication . Mota, Andrea Veríssimo; Vieira, José António Cabral; Silva, Francisco José Ferreira; Silva, Francisco José Rodrigues
    Num contexto de transformações económicas, sociais e tecnológicas, o emprego assume um papel fulcral nas políticas públicas, sendo particularmente relevante em regiões ultraperiféricas como os Açores. A presente dissertação analisa as políticas de emprego na Região Autónoma dos Açores a partir das perceções dos residentes, com base num inquérito realizado por questionário aplicado a 518 participantes. Os resultados evidenciam a relevância das medidas dirigidas a jovens e desempregados, consideradas muito importantes por mais de 70% dos inquiridos, refletindo a perceção de que o Estado deve assumir um papel ativo na promoção da inclusão no mercado do trabalho. As mulheres e os desempregados atribuem maior importância a estas políticas, enquanto indivíduos com níveis de escolaridade mais elevados apresentam uma visão mais crítica relativamente à sua eficácia. Verifica-se ainda uma desconfiança relativamente aos programas públicos de emprego, frequentemente percecionados como instrumentos utilizados pelas entidades empregadoras para colmatar necessidades permanentes de trabalho.
    2026-02-25Dissertação de mestrado Acesso aberto Ver mais