ARQ - LMS - Número 25
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Artigos publicados no Número 25 - 2008
CONTENTS:
Gaspar, C., P.A.V. Borges & K.J. Gaston - Diversity and distribution of arthropods in native forests of the Azores archipelago.Borges, P.A.V - Distribution and abundance of arthropod species in pasture communities of three Azorean islands (Santa Maria, Terceira and Pico).
Montiel, R., V. Vieira, T. Martins, N. Simões & M.L. Oliveira - The speciation of Noctua atlantica (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) occurred in the Azores as supported by a molecular clock based on mitochondrial COI sequences.
Palmero, A.M., A. Martínez, M.C. Brito & J. Núñez - Acoetidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Iberian Peninsula, Madeira and Canary islands, with description of a new species.
Wirtz, P. & C. d'Udekem d'Acoz - Crustaceans associated with Cnidaria, Bivalvia, Echinoidea and Pisces at São Tomé and Príncipe islands
Wirtz, P. - The Gulf of Guinea goby-shrimp symbiosis and a review of goby-thalassinidean associations.
Bio, A., A. Couto, R. Costa, A. Prestes, N. Vieira, A. Valente & J. Azevedo - Effects of fish removal in the Furnas Lake, Azores.
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Wirtz , P. - New records of the giant ciliate Zoothamnium niveum (Protozoa, Peritrichia)Ilharco, F.A. & A. Onofre Soares - First record of the mealy plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy), (Homoptera, Aphidoidea) in Madeira Island
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- Distribution and abundance of arthropod species in pasture communities of three Azorean islands (Santa Maria, Terceira and Pico)Publication . Borges, Paulo A. V.This work provides evidence that the "hollow curve" is a consistent pattern in the range size distribution of taxonomic and ecological groups of arthropod pasture dwelling species. Many of the inconsistent results relating range size to herbivores diet breadth are probably due to historical constraints in the colonization of the islands and particular characteristics of the habitats studied (e.g. types of resources available). The positive relationship between range size and abundance may be explained by the "resource usage model". However, the slope of the regression line relating distribution to abundance was similar for different groups which suggests there is no difference in the way that the species’ local abundance scales with distribution in the four assemblages of species studied and that there is a close relationship between the trophic groups studied. This suggests that the “resource availability model” could be the explanation for the distribution and abundance of pasture spider and insect species. More work needs to be conducted in order to evaluate the relationship between diet breadth, habitat specialization and range size in the islands.
- Effects of fish removal in the Furnas Lake, AzoresPublication . Bio, Ana; Couto, A.; Costa, R.; Prestes, Afonso L.; Vieira, N.; Valente, A.; Azevedo, José M. N.The Furnas Lake is a small volcanic, monomitic and increasingly eutrophised water body. Next to agricultural nutrient inputs, high densities of herbivorous fish are thought to contribute to high levels of turbidity in the lake, through zooplankton consumption and re-suspension of the nutrients accumulated in the sediment. According to the alternative state hypothesis a shift from turbid to clear water conditions is favoured by reduction of nutrient concentrations, increased light availability and reduction of planktivorous and benthos-feeding fish stock. To improve water quality in the Furnas Lake, a substantial part of the bottom-feeding fish population (62% of the estimated common carp population, Cyprinus carpio, and 5% of the estimated roach population, Rutilus rutilus) was removed. Effects of fish removal on turbidity and associated trophic state were analysed next to postmanipulation chlorophyll a concentration, zooplankton and macrophytes densities. Results suggest that fish removal was not enough to change lake conditions towards a lasting clear state dominated by macrophytes. Excessive nutrient load, in water and sediments, nutrient input from the lake basin and fish recruitment causing enhanced zooplankton grazing are appointed causes. Any further biomanipulation efforts should be associated to nutrient reduction; and continued monitoring of water quality, fish stock, macrophytes and zooplankton is needed.
- Acoetidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Iberian Peninsula, Madeira and Canary islands, with description of a new speciesPublication . Palmero, Ana M.; Martínez, Alejandro; Brito, María del Carmen; Núñez, JorgeSix species of acoetid polychaetes are reported from the Iberian Peninsula and Macaronesia: Euarche tubifex Ehlers, 1887, Euarche cristata Núñez, n. sp., Eupanthalis kinbergi McIntosh, 1876, Eupolyodontes gulo (Grube, 1855), Polyodontes maxillosus (Ranzani, 1817), and Panthalis oerstedi (Kinberg, 1856). Material was collected during several sublittoral benthic surveys. Descriptions, figures, and a key for the six species are included. The new species Euarche cristata is characterized by its prostomium with cristate or serrated posterior margin.
- Crustaceans associated with Cnidaria, Bivalvia, Echinoidea and Pisces at São Tomé and Príncipe islandsPublication . Wirtz, Peter; Udekem d'Acoz, Cédric d’Symbiotic crustaceans were searched for at sea anemones (Actiniaria), encrusting anemones (Zoantharia), horny coral (Gorgonaria), black coral (Antipatharia), bivalves (Bivalvia), and sea urchins (Echinoidea) at São Tomé and Príncipe Islands (Gulf of Guinea, eastern central Atlantic). Sixteen species of crustaceans were found in association with these invertebrate hosts; eleven of them were new records for the area and two species, belonging to the genera Hippolyte and Heteromysis, were new for science. The thalassinid Axiopsis serratifrons was occasionally associated with an undescribed species of gobiid fish.
- Diversity and distribution of arthropods in native forests of the Azores archipelagoPublication . Gaspar, Clara; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Gaston, Kevin J.Since 1999, our knowledge of arthropods in native forests of the Azores has improved greatly. Under the BALA project (Biodiversity of Arthropods of Laurisilva of the Azores), an extensive standardised sampling protocol was employed in most of the native forest cover of the Archipelago. Additionally, in 2003 and 2004, more intensive sampling was carried out in several fragments, resulting in nearly a doubling of the number of samples collected. A total of 6,770 samples from 100 sites distributed amongst 18 fragments of seven islands have been collected, resulting in almost 140,000 specimens having been caught. Overall, 452 arthropod species belonging to Araneae, Opilionida, Pseudoscorpionida, Myriapoda and Insecta (excluding Diptera and Hymenoptera) were recorded. Altogether, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Araneae and Lepidoptera comprised the major proportion of the total diversity (84%) and total abundance (78%) found. Endemic species comprised almost half of the individuals sampled. Most of the taxonomic, colonization, and trophic groups analysed showed a significantly left unimodal distribution of species occurrences, with almost all islands, fragments or sites having exclusive species. Araneae was the only group to show a strong bimodal distribution. Only a third of the species was common to both the canopy and soil, the remaining being equally exclusive to each stratum. Canopy and soil strata showed a strongly distinct species composition, the composition being more similar within the same stratum regardless of the location, than within samples from both strata at the same location. Possible reasons for these findings are explored. The procedures applied in the sampling protocol are also discussed.
- The Gulf of Guinea goby‐shrimp symbiosis and a review of goby‐thalassinidean associationsPublication . Wirtz, PeterAn undescribed species of the family Gobiidae shares the burrows of the axiid shrimp Axiopsis serratifrons at São Tomé and Príncipe (central eastern Atlantic). In contrast to similar associations of gobiid fishes with alpheid shrimps in the Indo-Pacific and the western Atlantic (where the goby serves as a sentinel for the crustacean and the shrimp leaves the burrow only if the goby remains at the burrow entrance), the axiid appears to completely ignore the goby, which rests near the opening of the burrow. Facultative and obligatory associations of gobies with thalassinidean shrimps are reviewed.
- First record of the mealy plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy), (Homoptera, Aphidoidea) in Madeira IslandPublication . Ilharco, Fernando A.; Soares, António O.
- The speciation of Noctua atlantica (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) occurred in the Azores as supported by a molecular clock based on mitochondrial COI sequencesPublication . Montiel, Rafael; Vieira, Virgílio; Martins, Tiago; Oliveira, LuísaThe complete sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of Noctua atlantica (Warren, 1905) has been determined and deposited in the NCBI GenBank under the Accession number AY600452. Complete and partial COI sequences of other Lepidoptera have been collected and used to reconstruct a phylogeny with both the Neighbor-Joining and the Maximum Likelihood methods. A molecular clock calibrated for our models indicate a divergence time between Noctua atlantica and Noctua pronuba of 4.7-5.9 Million years, consistent with the geological age of the Azores and suggesting that the speciation process of N. atlantica occurred in this archipelago.