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Publication
Difficulties on the biological control of Macaronesian invaders
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Myrica faya é uma árvore ibero-macaronésica que. após a sua introdução no Hawaii no final do século passado invadiu várias ilhas deste arquipélago. Cletha arborea é uma árvore endémica da Madeira, naturalizada em São Miguel (Açores) desde os anos sessenta, onde invadiu a vegetação natural de altitude. Entre 1991 e 1994 decorreu a prospeccão dos inimigos naturais de M. faya nos Açores e na Madeira. Embora vários insectos e alguns fitopatogéneos tenham sido encontrados, apenas dois insectos originários da Madeira teriam as condições necessárias para a sua utilização no Hawaii - serem específicos para o hospedeiro. Um deles foi introduzido no Hawaii. Para C. arborea a prospecção dos inimigos naturais iniciou-se em 1997, mas neste caso, não têm sido encontrados fitófagos específicos. No entanto, encontrou-se um fungo fitopatogénico na Madeira e em São Miguel que poderá ser específico. Também se identificou um insecto fitófago autóctone. Kleydoceris truncatulus que consome as sementes. De um modo geral, no entanto, a prospecção de inimigos naturais específicos e com potencial como controladores destas duas lenhosas macaronésicas não tem sido promissora.
ABSTRACT: Myrica faya is an Ibero-Macaronesian endemic which, after its introduction in Hawaii in the last century, invaded several islands in that archipelago. Cletha arborea is a tree endemic to Madeira islands, naturalized in São Miguel (Açores) from the 1960is, where is invades high altitude native vegetation. From 1991 to 1994 a survey was undertaken to find M. faya natural enemies in Azores and Madeira. Although several insects and some pathogens were found, only two species of insects from Madeira might be potential biocontrol agents. One of which was released in Hawaii. Regarding C. arborea a similar survey initiated in 1997, but in this case no specific insects have been found. On the other hand, a fungus found in Madeira and São Miguel might be specific. A native insect Kleydoceris truncatulus, feeds on the seeds. In general, the search for natural enemies with potential as biological control agents as not been very promising.
ABSTRACT: Myrica faya is an Ibero-Macaronesian endemic which, after its introduction in Hawaii in the last century, invaded several islands in that archipelago. Cletha arborea is a tree endemic to Madeira islands, naturalized in São Miguel (Açores) from the 1960is, where is invades high altitude native vegetation. From 1991 to 1994 a survey was undertaken to find M. faya natural enemies in Azores and Madeira. Although several insects and some pathogens were found, only two species of insects from Madeira might be potential biocontrol agents. One of which was released in Hawaii. Regarding C. arborea a similar survey initiated in 1997, but in this case no specific insects have been found. On the other hand, a fungus found in Madeira and São Miguel might be specific. A native insect Kleydoceris truncatulus, feeds on the seeds. In general, the search for natural enemies with potential as biological control agents as not been very promising.
Description
1º Encontro sobre Invasoras Lenhosas : Tema II - Silvicultura Aplicada ao Controlo de Espécies Invasoras. Gerês, 16 a 18 de Novembro de 1999.
Keywords
Clethra arborea Aiton Kleydoceris truncatulus Madeira Archipelago Myrica faya Natural Enemies São Miguel (Azores)
Citation
SILVA, L., J. TAVARES & C.W. SMITH, 1999. Difficulties on the biological control of Macaronesian invaders. "Actas do 1º Encontro sobre Invasoras Lenhosas". SPCF/ADERE. Gerês: 110-116.
Publisher
Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciências Florestais