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Caracterização das comunidades de protozoários e metazoários em ETAR domésticas e industriais de São Miguel : relação de eficiência de remoção e condições de operação
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resumo, Índice, Introdução | 214.33 KB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Documento Principal | 12.25 MB | Adobe PDF |
Abstract(s)
O tratamento de águas residuais por lamas ativadas é o processo mais utilizado em todo o mundo e consiste no fornecimento constante de matéria orgânica e oxigénio a uma comunidade de microrganismos, que através do seu metabolismo, transformam essa matéria orgânica em nova biomassa microbiana e compostos inorgânicos, dos quais se destacam o dióxido de carbono e os compostos de azoto e de fósforo. Neste processo de tratamento biológico é importante compreender a estrutura e o funcionamento da comunidade microbiológica, assim como da sua rede trófica. Além das bactérias, que são responsáveis pela decomposição da matéria orgânica, existem diferentes populações de protozoários e metazoários que se podem desenvolver no tanque de arejamento. A sua presença é fundamental para o bom desempenho da ETAR, pois estimulam o crescimento bacteriano e, promovem a floculação, reduzindo a turvação do efluente tratado.
Este trabalho de projeto teve como objetivo principal analisar as comunidades de protozoários e metazoários nas ETAR de Lamas Ativadas em funcionamento na ilha de São Miguel e relacionar o tipo de microrganismos com a eficiência de remoção registada e com as condições de operação (parâmetros físico-químicos no reator biológico).
Iniciou-se este trabalho fazendo o levamento das ETAR existentes em São Miguel, contactando as entidades gestoras e dando a conhecer os objetivos do estudo pretendido. Com a lista de ETAR organizada, elaborou-se um plano de visitas e amostragens às ETAR, para recolha de amostras de licor misto, para análise de parâmetros biológicos e físico-químicos. Em cada uma das ETAR estudadas realizaram-se seis colheitas, a partir das quais se efetuaram as análises microscópicas e o cálculo do Índice Biológico de Lamas (IBL), segundo a metodologia proposta por Madoni.
De um modo geral, as comunidades microbiológicas das várias ETAR comportaram-se de acordo com os resultados relativos à comunidade de protozoários e metazoários, especialmente no que refere à associação dos grupos funcionais com a qualidade do efluente. Os ciliados sésseis, móveis de fundo e as amibas com teca foram os grupos funcionais mais frequentes nas ETAR com efluentes de boa qualidade. Por outro lado, as ETAR com uma qualidade menor da água residual tratada, apresentavam frequentemente Opercularia sp. e ciliados nadadores.
Para algumas ETAR estudas, o IBL não se traduziu numa ferramenta muito eficaz para a avaliação da qualidade do efluente tratado. Contudo, o IBL forneceu sempre informações importantes sobre a abundância e a densidade da comunidade de protozoários e metazoários, sendo uma valiosa ferramenta na análise do desempenho da ETAR.
ABSTRACT: The activate sludge process for wastewater treatment, use the microorganisms metabolism to, transform biodegradable organic matter into microbial biomass and inorganic compounds, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. In this biological treatment process, it is important to understand the structure and functioning of the microbiological community, as well as its trophic network. In addition to bacteria, which are responsible for the decomposition of organic matter, there are different populations of protozoa and metazoans that can develop in the aeration tank. Its presence is fundamental for the proper functioning of the WWTP, as it stimulates bacterial growth, promotes flocculation, reduces turbidity of the treated effluent. This master course project had, as main objective, to analyse the communities of protozoa and metazoa in the activated sludge plant in operation in São Miguel Island and to relate the type of microorganisms with the registered removal efficiency and the operating conditions (the physical-chemical characteristics of mixed liquor). This work was started by carrying out the existing WWTP in São Miguel, contacting the management entities and informing the objectives of the intended study. With the list of WWTPs organized, a plan of visits and samplings to the WWTP was elaborated, to measure the physical-chemical parameters of mixed liquor and collect samples for analysis of biological parameters. In each of the WWTPs, six samples were taken, from which the microscopic analysis and IBL calculation were performed, according to the methodology proposed by Madoni. In general, the microbiological communities of the studied WWTPs behave according to the results of the protozoan and metazoan community, especially regarding the association of functional groups with effluent quality. The sessile cilia, crawling and the amibas with teak were the most frequent functional groups in WWTP with good quality effluents. On the other hand, WWTPs with a lower quality of treated wastewater often had Opercularia sp. and ciliates swimmers. For some WWTPs studied, the IBL did not translate into a very effective tool for evaluating the quality of the treated effluent. However, the IBL has always provided important information on the abundance and density of the protozoa and metazoan community and is a valuable tool in the analysis of the performance of the WWTP.
ABSTRACT: The activate sludge process for wastewater treatment, use the microorganisms metabolism to, transform biodegradable organic matter into microbial biomass and inorganic compounds, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. In this biological treatment process, it is important to understand the structure and functioning of the microbiological community, as well as its trophic network. In addition to bacteria, which are responsible for the decomposition of organic matter, there are different populations of protozoa and metazoans that can develop in the aeration tank. Its presence is fundamental for the proper functioning of the WWTP, as it stimulates bacterial growth, promotes flocculation, reduces turbidity of the treated effluent. This master course project had, as main objective, to analyse the communities of protozoa and metazoa in the activated sludge plant in operation in São Miguel Island and to relate the type of microorganisms with the registered removal efficiency and the operating conditions (the physical-chemical characteristics of mixed liquor). This work was started by carrying out the existing WWTP in São Miguel, contacting the management entities and informing the objectives of the intended study. With the list of WWTPs organized, a plan of visits and samplings to the WWTP was elaborated, to measure the physical-chemical parameters of mixed liquor and collect samples for analysis of biological parameters. In each of the WWTPs, six samples were taken, from which the microscopic analysis and IBL calculation were performed, according to the methodology proposed by Madoni. In general, the microbiological communities of the studied WWTPs behave according to the results of the protozoan and metazoan community, especially regarding the association of functional groups with effluent quality. The sessile cilia, crawling and the amibas with teak were the most frequent functional groups in WWTP with good quality effluents. On the other hand, WWTPs with a lower quality of treated wastewater often had Opercularia sp. and ciliates swimmers. For some WWTPs studied, the IBL did not translate into a very effective tool for evaluating the quality of the treated effluent. However, the IBL has always provided important information on the abundance and density of the protozoa and metazoan community and is a valuable tool in the analysis of the performance of the WWTP.
Description
Mestrado (Trabalho de Projeto), Engenharia e Gestão de Sistemas de Água, 25 de outubro de 2019, Universidade dos Açores.
Keywords
Água Residual Doméstica Água Residual Industrial Bactéria Filamentosa Estação de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETAR) Microbiologia Microfauna Ilha de São Miguel Açores Activated Sludge Industrial WWTP Municipal WWTP Microbial Community Sludge Biotic Index
Citation
Anjo, Maria da Costa Magalhães Alves. "Caracterização das comunidades de protozoários e metazoários em ETAR domésticas e industriais de São Miguel: relação de eficiência de remoção e condições de operação". 2019. 196 p.. (Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão de Sistemas de Água). Angra do Heroísmo: Universidade dos Açores, 2007. [Consult. Dia Mês Ano]. Disponível em www:<http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/5417>.