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Marx e a ideologia : ou a ideologia de Marx
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Abstract(s)
Idéologie est un concept considéré fondamental dans la théorie sociale marxiste. Cet essai a pour objectif de faire une analyse critique de l’utilisation du terme pour Karl Marx. II l’a apparemment utilisé avec plusieurs significations, sans pour autant avoir essayé de le définir.
On prétend démontrer ici que Marx n'a jamais été conscient des implications possibles de ce concept (ou, de toute façon, il n'a jamais fait preuve d*en avoir conscience), tout particulièrement de l’impossibilité de fonctionnement d'une communauté humaine en dehors des paramètres d'une idéologie. Par conséquent, le marxisme perd son point critique d’appui, c'est-à-dire il perd le point d’Archimède où repose toute la structure de sa critique de la société.
Dans un corolaire de cette analyse, on mentionne que Lénine se rapportait au marxisme en tant qu'idéologie. Lui non plus n'a pourtant pas défini les conséquences de son utilisation du terme puisque, comme Marx, il croyait que le point de vue prolétarien n’était pas idéologique mais qu'il était le seul moyen possible de comprendre l’évolution de l’Histoire humaine.
ABSTRACT: Ideology is considered to be a key concept in Marxist social theory. This essay aims at surveying critically Marx's use of the term. It appears that Marx used ideology in a variety of senses, and without ever attempting a definition of the word. Actually, Marx never seemed to perceive the full implications of the concept, namely that one cannot function outside the parameters of an ideology. When this is understood, Marxism looses its “critical edge”, one which supposedly gave it a priviledged Archimedean point where the whole structure of its criticism of society finds support. In a corollary to this analysis it is mentioned that Lenin spoke of Marxism as ideology. Nevertheless, he also did not draw the consequences of such usage because, like Marx, he took for granted that the proletarian point of view was not ideological, but the only way to understand the works and schemes of society.
ABSTRACT: Ideology is considered to be a key concept in Marxist social theory. This essay aims at surveying critically Marx's use of the term. It appears that Marx used ideology in a variety of senses, and without ever attempting a definition of the word. Actually, Marx never seemed to perceive the full implications of the concept, namely that one cannot function outside the parameters of an ideology. When this is understood, Marxism looses its “critical edge”, one which supposedly gave it a priviledged Archimedean point where the whole structure of its criticism of society finds support. In a corollary to this analysis it is mentioned that Lenin spoke of Marxism as ideology. Nevertheless, he also did not draw the consequences of such usage because, like Marx, he took for granted that the proletarian point of view was not ideological, but the only way to understand the works and schemes of society.
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Keywords
Karl Marx (1818-1883) Ideologia Ideology
Citation
ALMEIDA, Onésimo T. (1992/93). Marx e a ideologia: ou a ideologia de Marx. "ARQUIPÉLAGO. Ciências Sociais". Nºs 7-8: 135-161.