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Studies on the lichens of the Azores. Part 1- Caldeira do Faial
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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho, o primeiro de uma série sobre a taxonomia, ecologia e biogeografia dos líquenes dos Açores, descreve a flora de líquenes que ocorrem na cratera da Caldeira do Faial. Correspondendo a uma zonação em altitude foram reconhecidas três zonas distintas de líquenes na Caldeira. (1) Uma zona superior, entre 922-800 m, pobre em líquenes e dominada por briófitos. (2) Uma zona média, entre 800-600 m, relativamente rica em espécies e com uma fácies distintiva de Lobarion. (3) Uma zona inferior relativamente pobre em espécies no fundo da cratera entre 600-562 m de altitude. Esta zonação parece estar relacionada com os diferentes níveis de precipitação e com a persistência de nuvens e nevoeiros. Neste levantamento dos líquenes da Caldeira registaram-se 105 espécies, sendo 31 delas novas ocorrências para os Açores, incluindo Thelotrema isidioides, que era anteriormente apenas conhecida através da espécie-tipo Irlandesa do século passado. Três novas espécies foram encontradas: Peltigera dissecta, P. melanorrhiza e Ramonia azorica. Mycoblastus caesius foi encontrada em estado fértil pela primeira vez na Europa e Catinaria albocincta passa a ser considerada como conspecífica de Catillaria pulverea. A flora relíquia de líquenes da Caldeira é um elemento importante da flora do Faial, que deveria também existir nas principais ilhas do arquipélago antes da desflorestação em larga escala.
ABSTRACT: This paper is the first in a series treating the lichens of the Azores in relation to their taxonomy, ecology and biogeography. In this paper the lichen flora occurring in the crater of Caldeira do Faial is described. Three distinct lichen zones are recognized within the Caldeira according to an altitudinal zonation from submit to base. (1) An upper, lichen-poor zone dominated by bryophytes, 922-800 m. (2) A middle, relatively species-rich zone with a distinctive facies of the Lobarion, 800-600 m. (3) A lower, relatively species-poor zone on the floor of the crater at 600-562 m. This zonation appears related to different levels of precipitation and periodic persistence of cloud and mist cover. 105 species are reported for the Crater, as new records for the Azores, including Thelotrema isidioides, previously known only from the Irish type collection from last century. Three species are newly described: Peltigera dissecta, P. melanorrhiza and Ramonia azorica. Mycoblastus caesius is reported fertile for the first time in Europe and Catinaria albocincta is considered conspecific with Catillaria pulverea. The relict lichen flora of the Caldeira is an important element on Faial which was formerly very much more widespread on most or the main islands prior to wide-scale deforestation.
ABSTRACT: This paper is the first in a series treating the lichens of the Azores in relation to their taxonomy, ecology and biogeography. In this paper the lichen flora occurring in the crater of Caldeira do Faial is described. Three distinct lichen zones are recognized within the Caldeira according to an altitudinal zonation from submit to base. (1) An upper, lichen-poor zone dominated by bryophytes, 922-800 m. (2) A middle, relatively species-rich zone with a distinctive facies of the Lobarion, 800-600 m. (3) A lower, relatively species-poor zone on the floor of the crater at 600-562 m. This zonation appears related to different levels of precipitation and periodic persistence of cloud and mist cover. 105 species are reported for the Crater, as new records for the Azores, including Thelotrema isidioides, previously known only from the Irish type collection from last century. Three species are newly described: Peltigera dissecta, P. melanorrhiza and Ramonia azorica. Mycoblastus caesius is reported fertile for the first time in Europe and Catinaria albocincta is considered conspecific with Catillaria pulverea. The relict lichen flora of the Caldeira is an important element on Faial which was formerly very much more widespread on most or the main islands prior to wide-scale deforestation.
Description
Keywords
Peltigera dissecta Peltigera melanorrhiza Ramonia azorica Thelotrema isidioides Líquenes Lichens Açores Azores
Citation
"ARQUIPÉLAGO. Ciências Biológicas e Marinhas = Life and Marine Sciences". ISSN 0870-6581. Nº 11A (1993): 1-15.