Browsing by Author "Gil, Artur José Freire"
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- 25 anos de Copernicus.Publication . Gomes, Claudio; Gil, Artur José FreireO programa europeu de observação da Terra, Copernicus, anteriormente chamado “Monitorização Global para o Ambiente e Segurança”, ou GMES na sigla inglesa, é constituído por uma constelação atual de oito satélites (o primeiro tendo sido lançado em 2014 e podendo chegar a um total de quase 20 até 2030) e por um conjunto de sistemas de observação in situ com sensores terrestres, aéreos e marinhos, permitindo o acesso total, gratuito e de acesso aberto aos dados por cientistas, empreendedores, serviços públicos ou qualquer cidadão. Curiosamente, em 2006 decorreu um concurso destinado a jovens estudantes para atribuir um nome mais apelativo a este programa, na altura GMES, tendo sido escolhido o “Pegasus”, todavia não foi implementado, sendo mais tarde escolhido Copernicus em reconhecimento ao matemático e astrónomo polaco Nicolau Copérnico, e para melhor alinhamento com outro programa estratégico de âmbito espacial da União Europeia dedicado à sua afirmação no setor do posicionamento global, Galileo.
- Altimetry for the future : Building on 25 years of progressPublication . Abdalla, Saleh; Abdeh Kolahchi, Abdolnabi; Ablain, Michaël; Adusumilli, Susheel; Aich Bhowmick, Suchandra; Alou-Font, Eva; Amarouche, Laiba; Andersen, Ole Baltazar; Antich, Helena; Aouf, Lotfi; Arbic, Brian; Dorandeu, Joël; Drezen, Christine; Drinkwater, Mark; Du Penhoat, Yves; Dushaw, Brian; Egido, Alejandro; Erofeeva, Svetlana; Escudier, Philippe; Esselborn, Saskia; Exertier, Pierre; Armitage, Thomas; Fablet, Ronan; Falco, Cédric; Farrell, Sinead Louise; Faugere, Yannice; Femenias, Pierre; Fenoglio, Luciana; Fernandes, Joana; Fernández, Juan Gabriel; Ferrage, Pascale; Ferrari, Ramiro; Arnault, Sabine; Fichen, Lionel; Filippucci, Paolo; Flampouris, Stylianos; Fleury, Sara; Fornari, Marco; Forsberg, Rene; Frappart, Frédéric; Frery, Marie-laure; Garcia, Pablo; Garcia-Mondejar, Albert; Artana, Camila; Gaudelli, Julia; Gaultier, Lucile; Getirana, Augusto; Gibert, Ferran; Gil, Artur José Freire; Gilbert, Lin; Gille, Sarah; Giulicchi, Luisella; Gómez-Enri, Jesús; Gómez-Navarro, Laura; Aulicino, Giuseppe; Gommenginger, Christine; Gourdeau, Lionel; Griffin, David; Groh, Andreas; Guerin, Alexandre; Guerrero, Raul; Guinle, Thierry; Gupta, Praveen; Gutknecht, Benjamin D.; Hamon, Mathieu; Ayoub, Nadia; Han, Guoqi; Hauser, Danièle; Helm, Veit; Hendricks, Stefan; Hernandez, Fabrice; Hogg, Anna; Horwath, Martin; Idžanović, Martina; Janssen, Peter; Jeansou, Eric; Badulin, Sergei; Jia, Yongjun; Jia, Yuanyuan; Jiang, Liguang; Johannessen, Johnny A.; Kamachi, Masafumi; Karimova, Svetlana; Kelly, Kathryn; Kim, Sung Yong; King, Robert; Kittel, Cecile M.M.; Baker, Steven; Klein, Patrice; Klos, Anna; Knudsen, Per; Koenig, Rolf; Kostianoy, Andrey; Kouraev, Alexei; Kumar, Raj; Labroue, Sylvie; Lago, Loreley Selene; Lambin, Juliette; Banks, Chris; Lasson, Léa; Laurain, Olivier; Laxenaire, Rémi; Lázaro, Clara; Le Gac, Sophie; Le Sommer, Julien; Le Traon, Pierre-Yves; Lebedev, Sergey; Léger, Fabien; Legresy, Benoı̂t; Bao, Lifeng; Lemoine, Frank; Lenain, Luc; Leuliette, Eric; Levy, Marina; Lillibridge, John; Liu, Jianqiang; Llovel, William; Lyard, Florent; Macintosh, Claire; Makhoul Varona, Eduard; Barbetta, Silvia; Manfredi, Cécile; Marin, Frédéric; Mason, Evan; Massari, Christian; Mavrocordatos, Constantin; Maximenko, Nikolai; McMillan, Malcolm; Medina, Thierry; Melet, Angelique; Meloni, Marco; Barceló-Llull, Bàrbara; Mertikas, Stelios; Metref, Sammy; Meyssignac, Benoit; Minster, Jean-François; Moreau, Thomas; Moreira, Daniel; Morel, Yves; Morrow, Rosemary; Moyard, John; Mulet, Sandrine; Barlier, François; Naeije, Marc; Nerem, Robert Steven; Ngodock, Hans; Nielsen, Karina; Nilsen, Jan Even Øie; Niño, Fernando; Nogueira Loddo, Carolina; Noûs, Camille; Obligis, Estelle; Otosaka, Inès; Basu, Sujit; Otten, Michiel; Oztunali Ozbahceci, Berguzar; P. Raj, Roshin; Paiva, Rodrigo; Paniagua, Guillermina; Paolo, Fernando; Paris, Adrien; Pascual, Ananda; Passaro, Marcello; Paul, Stephan; Bauer-Gottwein, Peter; Pavelsky, Tamlin; Pearson, Christopher; Penduff, Thierry; Peng, Fukai; Perosanz, Felix; Picot, Nicolas; Piras, Fanny; Poggiali, Valerio; Poirier, Étienne; Ponce de León, Sonia; Becker, Matthias; Prants, Sergey; Prigent, Catherine; Provost, Christine; Pujol, M-Isabelle; Qiu, Bo; Quilfen, Yves; Rami, Ali; Raney, R. Keith; Raynal, Matthias; Remy, Elisabeth; Beckley, Brian; Rémy, Frédérique; Restano, Marco; Richardson, Annie; Richardson, Donald; Ricker, Robert; Ricko, Martina; Rinne, Eero; Rose, Stine Kildegaard; Rosmorduc, Vinca; Rudenko, Sergei; Bellefond, Nicole; Ruiz, Simón; Ryan, Barbara J.; Salaün, Corinne; Sanchez-Roman, Antonio; Sandberg Sørensen, Louise; Sandwell, David; Saraceno, Martin; Scagliola, Michele; Schaeffer, Philippe; Scharffenberg, Martin G.; Belonenko, Tatyana; Scharroo, Remko; Schiller, Andreas; Schneider, Raphael; Schwatke, Christian; Scozzari, Andrea; Ser-giacomi, Enrico; Seyler, Frederique; Shah, Rashmi; Sharma, Rashmi; Shaw, Andrew; Benkiran, Mounir; Shepherd, Andrew; Shriver, Jay; Shum, C.K.; Simons, Wim; Simonsen, Sebatian B.; Slater, Thomas; Smith, Walter; Soares, Saulo; Sokolovskiy, Mikhail; Soudarin, Laurent; Benkouider, Touati; Spatar, Ciprian; Speich, Sabrina; Srinivasan, Margaret; Srokosz, Meric; Stanev, Emil; Staneva, Joanna; Steunou, Nathalie; Stroeve, Julienne; Su, Bob; Sulistioadi, Yohanes Budi; Bennartz, Ralf; Swain, Debadatta; Sylvestre-baron, Annick; Taburet, Nicolas; Tailleux, Rémi; Takayama, Katsumi; Tapley, Byron; Tarpanelli, Angelica; Tavernier, Gilles; Testut, Laurent; Thakur, Praveen K.; Benveniste, Jérôme; Thibaut, Pierre; Thompson, LuAnne; Tintoré, Joaquín; Tison, Céline; Tourain, Cédric; Tournadre, Jean; Townsend, Bill; Tran, Ngan; Trilles, Sébastien; Tsamados, Michel; Bercher, Nicolas; Tseng, Kuo-Hsin; Ubelmann, Clément; Uebbing, Bernd; Vergara, Oscar; Verron, Jacques; Vieira, Telmo; Vignudelli, Stefano; Vinogradova Shiffer, Nadya; Visser, Pieter; Vivier, Frederic; Berge-Nguyen, Muriel; Volkov, Denis; von Schuckmann, Karina; Vuglinskii, Valerii; Vuilleumier, Pierrik; Walter, Blake; Wang, Jida; Wang, Chao; Watson, Christopher; Wilkin, John; Willis, Josh; Bettencourt, Joao; Wilson, Hilary; Woodworth, Philip; Yang, Kehan; Yao, Fangfang; Zaharia, Raymond; Zakharova, Elena; Zaron, Edward D.; Zhang, Yongsheng; Zhao, Zhongxiang; Zinchenko, Vadim; Blarel, Fabien; Zlotnicki, Victor; Blazquez, Alejandro; Blumstein, Denis; Bonnefond, Pascal; Borde, Franck; Bouffard, Jérôme; Boy, François; Boy, Jean-Paul; Brachet, Cédric; Brasseur, Pierre; Braun, Alexander; Brocca, Luca; Brockley, David; Brodeau, Laurent; Brown, Shannon; Bruinsma, Sean; Bulczak, Anna; Buzzard, Sammie; Cahill, Madeleine; Calmant, Stéphane; Calzas, Michel; Camici, Stefania; Cancet, Mathilde; Capdeville, Hugues; Carabajal, Claudia Cristina; Carrere, Loren; Cazenave, Anny; Chassignet, Eric P.; Chauhan, Prakash; Cherchali, Selma; Chereskin, Teresa; Cheymol, Cecile; Ciani, Daniele; Cipollini, Paolo; Cirillo, Francesca; Cosme, Emmanuel; Coss, Steve; Cotroneo, Yuri; Cotton, David; Couhert, Alexandre; Coutin-Faye, Sophie; Crétaux, Jean-François; Cyr, Frederic; d’Ovidio, Francesco; Darrozes, José; David, Cedric; Dayoub, Nadim; De Staerke, Danielle; Deng, Xiaoli; Desai, Shailen; Desjonqueres, Jean-Damien; Dettmering, Denise; Di Bella, Alessandro; Díaz-Barroso, Lara; Dibarboure, Gerald; Dieng, Habib Boubacar; Dinardo, Salvatore; Dobslaw, Henryk; Dodet, Guillaume; Doglioli, Andrea; Domeneghetti, Alessio; Donahue, David; Dong, Shenfu; Donlon, CraigIn 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion.
- Assessing the effects of different land-use/land-cover input datasets on modelling and mapping terrestrial ecosystem services : Case study Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal)Publication . Sieber, Ina M.; Hinsch, Malte; Vergílio, Marta H. S.; Gil, Artur José Freire; Burkhard, BenjaminModelling ecosystem services (ES) has become a new standard for the quantification and assessment of various ES. Multiple ES model applications are available that spatially estimate ES supply on the basis of land-use/land-cover (LULC) input data. This paper assesses how different input LULC datasets affect the modelling and mapping of ES supply for a case study on Terceira Island, the Azores (Portugal), namely: (1) the EU-wide CORINE LULC, (2) the Azores Region official LULC map (COS.A 2018) and (3) a remote sensing-based LULC and vegetation map of Terceira Island using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The InVEST model suite was applied, modelling altogether six ES (Recreation/Visitation, Pollination, Carbon Storage, Nutrient Delivery Ratio, Sediment Delivery Ratio and Seasonal Water Yield). Model outcomes of the three LULC datasets were compared in terms of similarity, performance and applicability for the user. For some InVEST modules, such as Pollination and Recreation, the differences in the LULC datasets had limited influence on the model results. For InVEST modules, based on more complex calculations and processes, such as Nutrient Delivery Ratio, the output ES maps showed a skewed distribution of ES supply. Yet, model results showed significant differences for differences in all modules and all LULCs. Understanding how differences arise between the LULC input datasets and the respective effect on model results is imperative when computing model-based ES maps. The choice for selecting appropriate LULC data should depend on: 1) the research or policy/decision-making question guiding the modelling study, 2) the ecosystems to be mapped, but also on 3) the spatial resolution of the mapping and 4) data availability at the local level. Communication and transparency on model input data are needed, especially if ES maps are used for supporting land use planning and decision-making.
- Assessing the local perception of climate change in a small island : a case studyPublication . Benedicto Royuela, José; Hervías Parejo, Sandra; Ambros, Barbara; Cruz, Azucena De La; Gil, Artur José FreireThe effects of climate change are global, but small islands are among the most vulnerable places. Local populations on small islands might have a ground-based perspective of the impacts that threaten them. This study was undertaken on Corvo (Azores), where 34% of the residents of both genders and different education levels were surveyed. Here, their understanding of climate change and their perception of its local impacts, the sense of risk, the local areas at risk, the willingness to propose mitigation and adaptation strategies, and the knowledge of regional procedures was analysed. Education played a crucial role in local understanding. The general perception was that the regional policies were insufficient to address climate change issues at the local level. This fact points out that the efforts to mitigate climate change impacts, and the public participation procedures for supporting policy-making, must be significantly increased and improved, in order to reach a real impact on local island communities.
- Cartografia de vegetação invasora nos Açores : imagens de satélite como solução barata e eficientePublication . Gil, Artur José Freire[…]. Pelas suas características geográficas, ambientais e socioeconómicas, o uso de DR por satélite constitui uma solução interessante e com boa relação custo-benefício para a vigilância e monitorização das áreas terrestres e marinhas do Arquipélago dos Acores. Há, contudo, algumas variáveis que condicionam o pleno aproveitamento desta tecnologia a nível regional, como por exemplo a quase constante nebulosidade que impede a obtenção frequente e periódica de imagens óticas por parte da missão espacial de DR mais importante e antiga a nível global: o Programa Landsat da NASA/USGS (EUA), cujas imagens recolhidas são disponibilizadas gratuitamente. As alternativas (menos económicas) que permitem de algum modo contornar estas condicionantes passam assim quer pela aquisição de imagens óticas de sensores comerciais (com pedidos “a la carte”), quer pela execução de levantamentos aéreos (seja com avião, seja com drones – a tendência mais recente e mais económica). […].
- A conceptual framework to help choose appropriate blue nature-based solutionsPublication . Pérez, Géraldine; O'Leary, Bethan C; Allegri, Elena; Casal, Gema; Cornet, Cindy C.; de Juan, Silvia; Failler, Pierre; Fredriksen, Stein; Fonseca, Catarina; Furlan, Elisa; Gil, Artur José Freire; Hawkins, Julie P.; Maréchal, Jean-Philippe; McCarthy, Tim; Roberts, Callum M.; Trégarot, Ewan; Van Der Geest, Matthijs; Simide, RémyBiodiversity loss and climate change have severely impacted ecosystems and livelihoods worldwide, compromising access to food and water, increasing disaster risk, and affecting human health globally. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have gained interest in addressing these global societal challenges. Although much effort has been directed to NbS in urban and terrestrial environments, the implementation of NbS in marine and coastal environments (blue NbS) lags. The lack of a framework to guide decision-makers and practitioners through the initial planning stages appears to be one of the main obstacles to the slow implementation of blue NbS. To address this, we propose an integrated conceptual framework, built from expert knowledge, to inform the selection of the most appropriate blue NbS based on desired intervention objectives and social-ecological context. Our conceptual framework follows a four incremental steps structure: Step 1 aims to identify the societal challenge(s) to address; Step 2 highlights ecosystem services and the underlying biodiversity and ecological functions that could contribute to confronting the societal challenge(s); Step 3 identify the specific environmental context the intervention needs to be set within (e.g. the spatial scale the intervention will operate within, the ecosystem's vulnerability to stressors, and its ecological condition); and Step 4 provides a selection of potential blue NbS interventions that would help address the targeted societal challenge(s) considering the context defined through Step 3. Designed to maintain, enhance, recover, rehabilitate, or create ecosystem services by supporting biodiversity, the blue NbS intervention portfolio includes marine protection (i.e., fully, highly, lightly, and minimally protected areas), restorative activities (i.e., active, passive, and partial restoration; rehabilitation of ecological function and ecosystem creation), and other management measures (i.e., implementation and enforcement of regulation). Ultimately, our conceptual framework guides decision-makers toward a versatile portfolio of interventions that cater to the specific needs of each ecosystem rather than imposing a rigid, one-size-fits-all model. In the future, this framework needs to integrate socio-economic considerations more comprehensively and be kept up-to-date by including the latest scientific information.
- Contributos científicos para um desenvolvimento (mais) sustentável nas Regiões Ultraperiféricas Europeias (RUP)Publication . Gil, Artur José Freire[…]. O Desenvolvimento Sustentável em Ilhas constitui um dos maiores desafios da atualidade, dada a necessidade de compatibilizar a proteção dos seus ecossistemas com um desenvolvimento socioeconómico que assegurem em conjunto uma boa qualidade de vida aos seus habitantes e visitantes. No entanto, o Desenvolvimento Sustentável em Ilhas em geral, e nas RUP em particular, depara-se com obstáculos de varia ordem de natureza ambiental (grande variabilidade do relevo e do clima; escassez de recursos naturais disponíveis, incluindo o próprio território disponível), geográfica (insularidade, isolamento) e económica (grande dependência económica aliada a uma gama geralmente reduzida de bens produzidos e exportáveis). A todos estes fatores deverão ser ainda adicionadas as principais ameaças vigentes a sustentabilidade ambiental nestes territórios, nomeadamente as alterações climáticas, a degradação da orla costeira, a perda acelerada de biodiversidade, a proliferação de espécies exóticas invasoras, a poluição dos solos e a cada vez mais problemática gestão de resíduos. […]
- Detection of Geothermal Anomalies in Hydrothermal Systems Using ASTER Data: The Caldeiras da Ribeira Grande Case Study (Azores, Portugal)Publication . Uchôa, Jéssica; Viveiros, Fátima; Tiengo, Rafaela; Gil, Artur José FreireABSTRACT: Current-day volcanic activity in the Azores archipelago is characterized by seismic events and secondary manifestations of volcanism. Remote sensing techniques have been widely employed to monitor deformation in volcanic systems, map lava flows, or detect high-temperature gas emissions. However, using satellite imagery, it is still challenging to identify low-magnitude thermal changes in a volcanic system. In 2010, after drilling a well for geothermal exploration on the northern flank of Fogo Volcano on São Miguel Island, a new degassing and thermal area emerged with maximum temperatures of 100 °C. In the present paper, using the ASTER sensor, we observed changes in the near-infrared signals (15 m spatial resolution) six months after the anomaly emerged. In contrast, the thermal signal (90 m spatial resolution) only changed its threshold value one and a half years after the anomaly was recognized. The results show that wavelength and spatial resolution can influence the response time in detecting changes in a system. This paper reiterates the importance of using thermal imaging and high spatial resolution images to monitor and map thermal anomalies in hydrothermal systems such as those found in the Azores.
- Digital sustainability communication in tourismPublication . Tiago, Flávio Borges; Gil, Artur José Freire; Stemberger, Sara; Tiago, Maria TeresaThe relevance of sustainable tourism is unquestionable. Tourism and hospitality firms worldwide are moving toward more sustainable product offerings. However, not all firms communicate their achievements and commitments in this area. This study assesses the sustainable digital communication of small and medium accommodation firms and relates that information to the sophistication of their online presence. For this purpose, data were retrieved from the websites of 759 accommodation firms located in the Azores (São Miguel Island), classified as a sustainable island destination. The results indicate that international accreditations are less commonly adopted than local accreditations and that smaller firms tend to value eco-labeling when promoting their offers online. It is also noticed that sustainable achievements are highlighted on more sophisticated websites. This is one of the first studies to explore online sustainability communication; more specifically, the link with website sophistication among tourism SMEs. It is hoped that this study will stimulate further research on communication and SME practices on tourism sustainability and improve policy efforts to promote wider adoption of sound practices.
- Digitizing a sustainable futurePublication . Reisch, Lucia A.; Joppa, Lucas; Howson, Peter; Gil, Artur José Freire; Alevizou, Panayiota; Michaelidou, Nina; Appiah-Campbell, Ruby; Santarius, Tilman; Köhler, Susanne; Pizzol, Massimo; Schweizer, Pia-Johanna; Srinivasan, Dipti; Kaack, Lynn H.; Donti, Priya L.; Rolnick, DavidDigital technologies have a crucial role in facilitating transitions toward a sustainable future. Yet there remain challenges to overcome and pitfalls to avoid. This Voices asks: how do we leverage the digital transformation to successfully support a sustainability transition?