Percorrer por autor "Freitas, Helena"
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- Distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in Terceira and São Miguel Islands (Azores)Publication . Melo Drumonde, Catarina; Walker, Christopher; Freitas, Helena; Machado, Artur Câmara; Borges, Paulo A. V.The data, presented here, come from samples collected during three research projects which aimed to assess the impact of land-use type on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) diversity and community composition in pastures of Terceira Island (Azores, Macaronesia, Portugal) and also in the native forest of two Azorean Islands (Terceira and São Miguel; Azores, Macaronesia, Portugal). Both projects contributed to improving the knowledge of AMF community structure at both local and regional scales.
- Diversity and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along a land use gradient in Terceira Island (Azores)Publication . Melo Drumonde, Catarina; Pimentel, Reinaldo M. S.; Walker, Christopher; Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana; Freitas, Helena; Borges, Paulo A. V.More knowledge of community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in ecosystems in relation to habitat type and land use intensity is needed. We studied AMF in 106 soil samples from pristine natural forests and a gradient of disturbance including semi-natural and intensively managed pastures of Terceira, Azores. Altogether, 42 spore morphotypes were detected from eight AMF families, revealing different fungal community structures among the three land use types. Spore density was highest in native forests and lowest in intensively managed pastures, but fungal richness was highest in semi-natural pastures and lowest in native forests. No significant difference occurred between intensively managed pastures and native forests. Members of Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae were dominant in native forests, while fungi from Gigasporaceae and Claroideoglomeraceae were most abundant in semi-natural and intensively managed pastures respectively, indicating family-based ecological preferences. Rarefaction analysis revealed that pastures supported more diverse AMF communities than native forests, because in high elevation pristine forests, a few rare species dominate. It is therefore likely that more species would be found with increasing survey effort. Further research is needed to clarify the influence of land use type on AMF diversity and distribution in remote islands, and the role of native AMF on soil ecosystem processes and the spread of exotic plants.
- Potential Role of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in the Restoration of LaurisilvaPublication . Melo Drumonde, Catarina; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Freitas, Helena; Nunes, Luis V.The beneficial association of seedlings with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is thought to improve early tree establishment through increased uptake of poorly labile soil nutrients (particularly P) and enhancing plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic factors. Seedlings of Juniperus brevifolia, an endemic woody plant of the Azores archipelago with potential commercial value, was grown in the nursery with and without inoculation by a commercial plant growth promoter consisting of AMF isolated from the Azores (MICOazorica). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design in a greenhouse. At six months after planting, all AMF-inoculated plants were colonized. The percentage of colonization varied between 46% and 96% (Mean 70%). At harvest, all physical parameters were significantly greater in AMF-inoculated plants relative to uninoculated plants. Based on the obtained results, we strongly advise the use of native AMF, in strategies used in restoration programs in the Azores.
- Species composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi differ in semi-natural and intensively managed pastures in an isolated oceanic island (Terceira, Azores)Publication . Melo, Catarina; Walker, Christopher; Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Freitas, HelenaNothing is published about the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the Azores archipelago, either with regard to individual species, or at the community level. This study, based on identification through spore morphological characteristics, compares the AMF community structure of semi-natural and intensively managed pastures. Thirty-nine glomeromycotan fungal spore types were detected in soil, with species in the genera Acaulospora, Ambispora, Archaeospora, Claroideoglomus, Entrophospora, Gigaspora, Paraglomus, Sclerocystis,Scutellospora sensu Morton and Msiska (Mycorrhiza 20 483-496, 2010) and Rhizophagus. The two most representative groupings were the glomoid spore types and Acaulospora with 13 and 10 species respectively, followed by Scutellospora with 3. The glomeromycotan fungal richness was similar for both intensive and semi-natural pastures, with 28 spore types in the former and 23 in the latter but their composition differed. Semi-natural pastures were dominated by species from Acaulospora and Scutellospora, particularly S. calospora and A. cf. myriocarpa, while for intensively farmed pastures, species with glomoid spores, and members of the two genera Claroideoglomus and Paraglomus were found most frequently and abundantly. Spore densities of the most commonly found groupings — Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Scutellospora and the glomoid spores were correlated with soil chemical properties, suggesting that soil characteristics influence the AMF communities. These results indicate that intensity of pasture management may not influence AMF richness but is probably an important factor influencing their composition and abundance.
- Teoria da Mudança para a Conservação dos Polinizadores em PortugalPublication . Castro, Sílvia; Loureiro, João; Schoonman, Marten; Thijssen, Martijn; Nave, Anabela; Penado, Andreia; Galveias, Adriana; Oliveira, Bárbara; Rego, Carla; Fernandes, Claúdia; Figueiredo, Elisabete; Monteiro, Eva; Ceia, Helena; Freitas, Helena; Santos, Inês; Godinho, Joana; Nunes, João; Sousa, Luís Guilherme; Fino, Maria Luís; Canelas Boieiro, Mário Rui; Carmo, Mário; Anjos, Ofélia; Antunes, Sandra; Ferreira, Sofia; Ferreira, SóniaRESUMO: CONTEXTO Os workshops da Teoria da Mudança (TdM), promovidos pela Aliança Promote Pollinators, têm como objetivo auxiliar o desenvolvimento de estratégias para a conservação dos insetos polinizadores. Isto é alcançado através da construção de uma narrativa que estabelece relações causa-efeito entre ações específicas e resultados desejados, e como estes resultados contribuem para o impacto desejado – a conservação dos polinizadores. Esta iniciativa representa uma oportunidade para os membros da Aliança que carecem de uma iniciativa governamental em prol dos polinizadores, como Portugal, para estabelecer a base do futuro Plano de Ação para os Polinizadores. METODOLOGIA A TdM para os Polinizadores em Portugal envolveu 24 participantes portugueses e 2 consultores internacionais, em representação de 23 organizações diferentes. O processo envolveu um conjunto de reuniões participativas realizadas online entre abril de 2022 e julho de 2023. As reuniões incluíram três workshops com os consultores da Promote Pollinators e do Naturalis Biodiversity Center e 15 reuniões intermédias da equipa portuguesa dedicadas ao desenvolvimento conceptual do diagrama. Adicionalmente, realizaram-se cinco reuniões específicas para a construção da narrativa apresentada neste documento. RESULTADOS Durante o desenvolvimento da TdM para os polinizadores em Portugal, foram identificados quatro temas principais, cada um com a sua narrativa de causa-efeito, e todos intrinsecamente ligados: políticas públicas & financiamento, investigação & conhecimento, práticas & gestão e sensibilização & ecoliteracia. No total, foram identificadas ações, compostas por 54 atividades e 38 resultados, que convergem para a seguinte declaração de impacto definida coletivamente: Um mundo onde os polinizadores e os serviços dos ecossistemas que estes providenciam são abundantes em todas as paisagens, incluindo áreas naturais, florestais, agrícolas e urbanas. O processo e seus resultados foram apresentados na Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Biodiversidade COP15, durante o evento paralelo organizado pela Aliança Promote Pollinators focado na conservação dos polinizadores. CONCLUSÕES O processo colaborativo passo-a-passo da TdM permitiu estruturar o conhecimento (científico), opiniões e ideias, estabelecendo assim as bases para um futuro plano de ação estratégico e impactante. O processo permitiu igualmente fortalecer as relações interpessoais entre os participantes, direcionando-os para a elaboração coletiva de um plano de ação consensual, focado em resultados com impacto de larga escala para a conservação efetiva dos polinizadores.
- Theory of change for a national pollinator strategy in PortugalPublication . Castro, Sílvia; Loureiro, João; Shoonman, Marten; Thijssen, Martijn; Nave, Anabela; Penado, Andreia; Galveias, Adriana; Oliveira, Bárbara; Rego, Carla; Fernandes, Claúdia; Figueiredo, Elisabete; Monteiro, Eva; Ceia, Helena; Freitas, Helena; Santos, Inês; Godinho, Joana; Nunes, João; Sousa, Luís Guilherme; Fino, Maria Luís; Canelas Boieiro, Mário Rui; Carmo, Mário; Anjos, Ofélia; Antunes, Sandra; Ferreira, Sofia; Ferreira, SóniaABSTRACT: BACKGROUND The Theory of Change (ToC) workshops supported by Promote Pollinators Alliance aim to assist the development of pollinator strategies by building a cause-effect roadmap on how specific actions can trigger intended outcomes, and how these subsequently contribute to the desired impact, i.e., pollinator conservation. This initiative provides an opportunity for members lacking a national governmental initiative focused on pollinators, such as Portugal, to develop the basis for a future Pollinator Action Plan. METHODOLOGY The Portuguese Pollinator ToC engaged 24 participants and 2 international consultants, representing 23 organizations, in a series of participatory online meetings from April 2022 to July 2023. The meetings included 3 workshops with Promote Pollinators and Naturalis Biodiversity Center consultants, 15 intermediate meetings of the Portuguese team to develop the conceptual diagram, and 5 meetings to build the narrative presented here. RESULTS During the development of the Portuguese Pollinator ToC, four main themes were identified, each with its pathway but intimately connected: policy & funding, research & knowledge, practices & management and awareness & ecoliteracy. Altogether, 92 actions were identified, including 54 activities and 38 outcomes. All pathways contributed to the following impact statement identified collectively: pollinators and the ecosystem services they provide are promoted across all landscapes (including natural, forest, agricultural and urban areas). The process was presented at the COP15 UN Biodiversity Conference, at the side event organized by the Promote Pollinators Alliance on pollination protection. CONCLUSIONS The stepwise and co-construction ToC process enabled us to structure the (scientific) knowledge, opinions and ideas and to establish the bases for a future, impactful strategic plan. The process also enabled us to strengthen interpersonal relationships towards the construction of a consensual, jointly coordinated action plan that focuses on desired large-scale outcomes to effectively conserve pollinators.