The functionality profile of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in the Azores – communication, learning and autonomy

Abstract

Autism is a disorder of the neuro-development which is characterized by persistent difficulties in communication, speech, cognitive processes, social interaction and also by restrict interests and repetitive and stereotyped behaviours. This syndrome points to the importance of having trained and qualified staff, investing in physical and material resources, and searching for the most adequate answers to the educational needs of these children. Regarding the formal education, according to the vision of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), the educational approach should enhance not only the academic acquisitions but also the prognosis of the evolution of the clinical condition and of the functionality of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Considering that UDL approach invests in flexible objectives, methods, materials and evaluation, to differentiate learning taking into account the needs of each pupil, it is important to know the perspectives of educators/teachers and parents/caretakers of children with ASD. These two groups have significant and additional information on these children potentialities. Educators/teachers and parents/caretakers of 121 children participated in this study. These children, aged 3-11 years old, live in the Autonomous Region of the Azores (ARA) and are enrolled in kindergarten and in primary schools, comprising 30 public schools, 8 private schools and 40 private institutions for social solidarity. Data were collected with a questionnaire (educators/teachers) and in an interview (parents/caretakers). Results suggest that there are different perspectives between the two groups, with educators/teachers viewing the functionality profile of these children as being more aggravated. The analysis of these different perspectives evidences the importance of the communication between these educational providers regarding the work developed by them in order to promote the functionality of children with ASD.